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The main textual details that reveal information about characters are:
Physical appearance, dialogue, and actions/motivations
______ is a storytelling technique where events are presented in the order they occur in time.
Chronological plot structure
Physical appearance
The description of the character's physical appearance can give us insights into their personality, background, and social status.
Dialogue
What a character says can also provide clues to their personality traits such as their values, beliefs, intelligence level and emotional state.
Actions/Motivations
Actions taken by the characters often help readers understand what drives them to act certain ways (motivations)
What is a narrative perspective where the story is told from the perspective of "I" or "we”?
First person point of view
What is a narrative technique where the narrator has complete knowledge and awareness of all characters' thoughts, feelings, actions, and motivations?
Omniscient point of view
Perspective
An individual's interpretation of their own experiences and how they view the world.
________ help to create an emotional connection between the reader or audience and the narrative.
Characters
Physical description
The use of descriptive language to provide details about a setting or location.
_________ means interpreting the words exactly as they are written, without adding any additional meaning or interpretation.
Reading text literally
What do demographics refer to?
Demographics refer to the characteristics of the population in that particular area.
Understanding demographics is essential because
they give insight into who lives in that area and what their needs might be.
Technology
The tools or machines that are used to accomplish tasks.
Why is transportation important to setting?
offers insights into a story's setting based on how people move around.
Which plot structure is commonly found in realistic fiction, historical fiction, and biographies?
Chronological
non-chronological plot structure
a storytelling technique where events are presented out of sequence, often through the use of flashbacks or other narrative devices
linear plot structure
type of storytelling in which events unfold in chronological order, with a beginning, middle, and end.
Cyclical plot structure
narrative technique in which the story ends where it began, creating a sense of circularity or repetition.
Episodic plot structure
a literary technique that involves dividing a story into smaller sections or episodes, each with its own mini-plot.
Subplot
secondary plot that runs parallel to the main plot in a story
How can a subplot can add depth, complexity, and richness to a story?
providing additional perspectives, exploring themes or motifs not fully developed in the main plot, or creating tension and suspense.
Tragedy
typically involves the main character facing a series of conflicts and obstacles that challenge their beliefs and values.
Comedy
the use of humor to lighten the mood or provide relief during an intense or serious moment.
Why is comedy used in film and television?
to break tension and keep audiences engaged
Romance
a complex human emotion that involves intense feelings of affection and attachment towards another person.
Romance typically includes
thoughts or gestures aimed at making the other person feel loved, desired, and appreciated.
Adventure
an exciting or unusual experience that involves taking risks and exploring the unknown.
Mysteries
a classic element of dramatic situations, as they provide suspense and intrigue that keep the audience engaged.
A narrator
a person or character who tells the story, either in writing or verbally.
First-person narrator
The narrator can be a participant in the events being described.
Third-person narrator
A narrator who can simply observe and describe the action from an outside perspective
A speaker
the voice that communicates with the reader or audience.
speaker in a poem
can be the poet themselves or a persona created by the poet to convey their message.
Second person point of view
a writing perspective in which the narrator addresses the reader directly as "you."
________ point of view is used to give instructions, offer advice, or create an immersive experience for the reader
Second person point of view
________ point of view can make readers feel like they're part of the story and can help them better understand and connect with characters.
Second person point of view
Third-person point of view
a narrative perspective in which the story is told by an external narrator who refers to characters and events using third-person pronouns such as "he," "she," or "they.
In this POV, the narrator can see into various characters's minds simultaneously and provide insights that no single character could know.
Omniscient point of view
Reading text figuratively
involves looking beyond the literal meaning of words and trying to understand what else might be implied by them.
Literary analysis
the practice of examining a literary work, such as a novel, poem or play, and breaking it down into its various components to better understand how they contribute to the whole.
______ typically refers to the central argument or thesis statement that a writer makes about a particular piece of literature.
Claim
Textual evidence
is information from a written work that supports or proves a point being made
_______ is an important part of world- building in fiction writing and can also be used effectively in non- fiction writing such as travelogues or memoirs to bring places to life for readers who have not experienced them firsthand.
Good physical description
dramatic situation
a literary device used to create tension and conflict within the poem.
______ more complex forms of language that create meaning beyond literal interpretation.
Figures of speech
metaphors
A literary technique describing something by comparing it directly to something else
similes
comparing one thing with another using "like" or "as"
personification
giving human characteristics to non-human things
Hyperbole
exaggeration for emphasis
________ refers to a phrase, clause, or word which precedes its referent.
Antecedent
_______ can include clauses, nouns, pronouns, or phrases.
Referents
________ plays a fundamental role in literature, as it provides the framework for texts and conveys the author's intended message.
Grammar
Diction
the selection of words employed by an author to give life to their writing and express a certain atmosphere or feeling.
Tone
refers to the attitude of the author towards the work's characters, themes, and settings.
______ can be either positive or negative, and conveys the author's feelings and opinions about the work, thereby creating an emotional response from the reader
Tone
Literary devices
a wide variety of techniques used to enhance the written word, including figures of speech, rhetorical devices, and imagery
Prosody
the study of the rhythmic, metrical, and tonal aspects of verse.
_______ highlights the poetic elements of a text, such as rhyme, alliteration, and assonance.
Prosody
Character description
A written or spoken representation of a fictional or non-fictional character's physical appearance, personality traits, motivations, and other defining characteristics.
Dynamic character
a type of character in fiction who undergoes significant internal change throughout the course of a story.
What are fictional characters who remain the same throughout a story or novel called?
Static characters
How do writers set the scene?
They go through the process of creating a detailed and immersive environment in which a story or event takes place
Conflict
a crucial element of literature that drives the plot forward and creates tension in the story.
______ refers to the struggle between two opposing forces, which can be internal or external
Conflict
Internal conflict
occurs within a character's mind and emotions, such as their fears, doubts, or desires.
Person vs. Society
refers to a type of external conflict where the main character struggles against the norms, rules and expectations of their culture or group
Plot development
a crucial aspect of storytelling that involves the progression and unfolding of events in a narrative
thesis statement
a concise declaration of the main point, argument or focus of an essay, research paper or other academic work.
Evidence
refers to the information or data that supports a claim or argument.
Commentary
an explanation or interpretation of evidence provided by the writer.
Person vs. self
a type of conflict where the main character struggles with their own thoughts, beliefs, or emotions.
Character perspective
Person vs person
used in literature and storytelling to describe a conflict or struggle between two individuals.
protagonist
the main character of a story or narrative, who typically drives the plot forward and undergoes some sort of change or transformation throughout the course of the story
antagonist
a character or force in a story, movie, or play that opposes the main character's goals and desires.
Character relationships
the connections and interactions between different characters in a story or work of fiction.
atmosphere in literature
the overall mood or feeling that is created by a writer's choice of setting, objects, details, images and language
Atmosphere
the emotional tone of a scene or work which affects how readers perceive characters and events.
Mood
the emotional atmosphere or feeling that a work of literature conveys to its readers.
archetype
universal patterns of behavior, personality traits, and symbols that are found across different cultures, time periods, and religions
Hero archetype
typically a protagonist who overcomes obstacles and adversity to achieve a goal or accomplish something great
Mentor archetype
an older, wiser character who guides and advises the hero.
Villain archetype
an antagonist who opposes the hero and cause conflict
Mother archetype
a nurturing, supportive character who cares for the hero.
Trickster archetype
a clever and cunning character who uses wit and deception to achieve their goals.
Outcast archetype
a character who is marginalized or rejected by society
Contrast
a literary device used to highlight the differences between two or more things in literature.
third person limited narration
A story told from the perspective of an omniscient narrator, but only focusing on the thoughts and feelings of one character
stream-of-consciousness narration
A story told through the inner thoughts and feelings of a character, often in a disjointed or non-linear way.
Objective narration
story told from a neutral or detached perspective, without revealing the thoughts or feelings of any characters.
narrative distance
the physical and emotional proximity between the reader or audience and the characters in a literary work.
Chronological distance
the time difference between when a literary work was written and the time period being described or depicted in the work
Sonnet
a type of poem that consists of 14 lines and follows a specific rhyme scheme
The most common form of sonnet
Shakespearean, or English sonnet
iambic pentameter
each line contains ten syllables with alternating stressed and unstressed syllables.
What do haikus usually aim to do?
capture a moment in nature or express an emotion in a concise and elegant way.
Haiku
a form of Japanese poetry that consists of three lines
Rhymed couplet
a literary device in poetry, comprising two lines that are of the same length and end with words that rhyme.
Why is close structure used?
It provides a tight framework for organizing literary works, such as poetry or prose.
Note
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