Studied by 2313 people20th century
Modern means architecture developed during the ________ that expresses geometric, ordered forms.
main prayer
Almost all mosques are built on an angle that places the ________ area toward Mecca.
small number
There are a(n) ________ of major language families represented by the early or prehistoric language roots.
Temples
________ in Southeast Asia tend to have several towers with thin pointed spires that point outward at an angle.
Koran and Hadith
Not all Middle- Eastern states are republics or monarchies that abide by Sharia, or Islamic law, based on the ________.
single government
State: a population represented by a(n) ________.
Culture
the shared experience, traits, and activities of a group of people who have a common heritage
Cultural synthesis (syncretism)
the blending together of two or more cultural influences
EX
Country music is often thought of as a product of American culture and is strongly tied to folk music traditions
Modern and contemporary architecture
when new buildings are constructed using innovative designs
(EX
the rectangular steel and glass skyscrapers built in the 1970s-1980s)
incorporates green energy technologies, recycled materials, or nontraditional materials (EX
metal sheeting on the exterior)
Postmodern
a category within contemporary that means that the design abandons the use of blocky rectilinear shapes in favor of wavy, crystalline, or bending shapes in the form of the home or building
New England
small one-story pitched-roof Cape Cod style or the irregular roof Saltbox with one long pitched roof in front and a sort of low-angle roof in back
Federalist or Georgian
refers to the housing styles of the late 1700s and early 1800s in Anglo-America
often two
or three-story urban townhomes connected to one another
The I-house
a loose form of Federalist and Georgian influence on the average family home in the United States and Canada
fireplaces on each end of the house and an even
pitched roof
Christian
traditional houses of worship tend to have a central steeple or two high bell towers in the front of the building
Hindu
temples and shrines tend to have a rectangular-shaped main body and feature one or more short towers of carved stone
Buddhist
temples and shrines vary depending on which Buddhist tradition is followed in the region
Temples and shrines in China and Japan feature one
or two-story buildings with large, curved, winged roof
Islamic
mosques can take a variety of forms, though many have central domes
Judaic
there is not a common architectural design style to synagogues
monolingual
knowing one language only
Canada is bilingual because there are two official languages
English and French
(EX
the English spoken by English people and Australian people sounds similar, there is a distinct "strain" of English spoken in Australia)
received pronunciation
Kings English or "posh" English
Cockney English
the language of the working-class areas of the East London docklands and surrounding neighborhoods, which sounds distinctly not posh
Cockney rhyming slang
an odd but humorous use of code phrases to describe everyday situations
Anatolian theory
a group of migrants from the Indian subcontinent, and their language, were for some time concentrated in the peninsula that makes up most of present-day Turkey
Kurgan theory
the same group of migrants from the Indian subcontinent instead made their way into Central Asia, and then migrated across the Eurasian stepped into Central and Western Europe, taking their language with them
folk music
music that is original to a specific culture
karma
the balance between good and evil deeds in life, determines the outcome of reincarnation
Abrahamic Tradition
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
Islamic States
Theocracy, Sharia, and Secular Governance
theocracies
religious leaders hold the senior positions of governance
(EX
Iran has a supreme religious council that serves as the head of state and can overrule the elected parliament and president)
secular
not directly governed in a religious manner and, instead, often utilize French or British legal tradition and government structure
Theocracy
Iran, formerly Afghanistan under the Taliban
folklore
collected stories, spoken-word histories and writings that are specific to a culture and tell the societal histories and morality tales that define a cultures ethical foundations
(EX
Aesops fables are an example of folklore from the classical Greeks
(EX
In many parts of the Americas, a folklore has been built around the life and travels of Christopher Columbus
long-lot patterns
a narrow frontage along a road or waterway with a very long lot shape behind
The Caucasoid or Indo-European
with light to dark skin tone, medium body type, and wavy hair shaft
the Negroid or African
with a dark skin tone, medium body shape, and a curly hair shaft
possibilism
the revised concept proposed by Sauer and other like-minded geographers that stated cultures were to a partial degree shaped by their environment and the material resources available to them
lebensraum
the living space for each distinct nation was based upon the optimal physical geography of the culture group
neo-Nazism
based on violent racism against non-whites and immigrants or violet expression of xenophobia
ethnocentrism
the belief in the superiority of ones nation or ethnic group, and in the inferiority of other nations or ethnic groups
cultural relativism
the idea that an individuals beliefs and activities can only be understood in the context of that persons culture
internal identity
used by individuals to express their cultural heritage, ethnicity, or place of origin to people who share their heritage or place of origin
external identity
used by individuals to express their cultural heritage, ethnicity, or place of origin to people who do not share a common cultural or geographic background
culture regions
an area of bounded space with a homogeneous characteristic that can be one or more components of culture
fuzzy borders
cultural regions tend to have this because its hard to tell where one cultural region ends and another begins
(EX
where Dixie ends and the American Northeast or Midwest begins)
Colonialism
though the Mormon church that began in Utah, it spread itself around the world via mandatory missions conducted by its young members
Conflict
or war, often sees soldiers and armies invading or even occupying foreign cultures
Migration
immigrants carry their own culture to their new country and blend them with preexisting bits of culture
ethnic cleansing
where people of one ethnic group are eliminated by another, often under threat of violence or death
(EX
The former Yugoslavia was created as a state during the post-World War I Treaty of Versailles in 1919
genocide
a large-scale systematic killing of people of one ethnic group
(EX
the Holocaust of Jews at the hands of the Nazis in World War II when six million were killed)
culture
the shared experience, traits, and activities of a group of people who have a common heritage
cultural synthesis (syncretism)
the blending together of two or more cultural influences
modern/contemporary architecture
when new buildings are constructed using innovative designs
postmodern
a category within contemporary that means that the design abandons the use of blocky rectilinear shapes in favor of wavy, crystalline, or bending shapes in the form of the home or building
New England housing type
small one-story pitched-roof Cape Cod style or the irregular roof Saltbox with one long pitched roof in front and a sort of low-angle roof in back
Federalist or Georgian housing type
the housing styles of the late 1700s and early 1800s in Anglo-America
the I-house
a loose form of Federalist and Georgian influence on the average family home in the United States and Canada
Christian buildings
traditional houses of worship tend to have a central steeple or two high bell towers in the front of the building
Hindu buildings
temples and shrines tend to have a rectangular-shaped main body and feature one or more short towers of carved stone
Buddhist buildings
temples and shrines vary depending on which Buddhist tradition is followed in the region
Islamic buildings
mosques that can take a variety of forms, though many have central domes
Judaic buildings
there is not a common architectural design style to synagogues.
monolingual
a person who knows only one language
bilingual
a person who speaks two languages fluently
received pronunciation
the approved pronunciation of British English; originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities
Cockney English
the language of the working-class areas of the East London docklands and surrounding neighborhoods, which sounds distinctly not posh
Cockney rhyming slang
an odd but humorous use of code phrases to describe everyday situations
Pidgin languages
simplified forms of the language that use key vocabulary words and limited grammar
nouvelle cuisine
Spanish, Italian, and French cooking that uses light sauces and tries to bring out the natural flavors of foods instead of making heavy use of butter and cream
Hindu-Buddhist Tradition
Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism
Kshatriya
a member of the royal or warrior Hindu caste
Vaishya
a member of the merchant and professional caste
Shudra
a member of the farmer, laborer, and artisan caste
Dalit
the lowest position in the system who were considered "unholy"
theocracies
where religious leaders hold the senior positions of governance
secular
not directly governed in a religious manner and, instead, often utilize French or British legal tradition and government structure
Five Pillars of Islam
key Islamic practices that are regarded as required acts of devotion for all Muslims and are emphasized by the Koran
folklore
collected stories, spoken-word histories and writings that are specific to a culture and tell the societal histories and morality tales that define a culture’s ethical foundations
long-lot patterns
a narrow frontage along a road or waterway with a very long lot shape behind
land use
how property is utilized, shared, or divided can say something about culture through its imprint on the landscape
cultural identity
how people are identified and how they identify themselves
nation
a population represented by a singular culture or a culture group
ethnicity
a complex mix of genetic heritage and political allegiance
state
a population represented by a single government
race
the physical characteristics of a common genetic heritage
indigenous population
the people who originally settled in an area
Melanesians
found in New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Fiji, named because of their dark skin coloration, have comparatively thin bodies and angular facial features, with a curly hair shaft
Note
Flashcard