Studied by 18 peopleTags & Description
Nationalism
a devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation; to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Militarism
the development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy
Allies
France, Britain, Russia
Triple Entente
The Allies were also called the
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Jeannette Rankin
The first woman elected to Congress from Montana; was a pacifist and voted no on the war resolution
nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliances
4 underlying causes of WWI
increased military spending
What did the growth of nationalism and imperialism lead to
Germany
Which was the strongest nation on the European continent in 1890
Wilhelm II
Kaiser of Germany during WWI
alliance
a formal agreement of union between nations
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Powder Keg of Europe
What was the Balkan Peninsula known as
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.
Gavrilo Princip
The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand
July 28, 1914
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
August 1, 1914
Germany declares war on Russia
August 3, 1914
Germany declares war on France and invades Belgium
Schlieffen Plan
Germany's military plan at the outbreak of World War I, according to which German troops would rapidly defeat France and then move east to attack Russia.
refugee
a person who flees in search of protection or shelter, as in times of war or religious persecution
Marne River in France
Where the Allies halted the German advance in September 1914
front line, support, reserve
Three types of trenches
Dugouts
Shelters dug into the sides of hills
No Man's Land
a barren expanse of mud pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire
July 1, 1916
Battle of the Somme
Mid-November
The Battle of Somme ended
60,000
How many casualties did the British suffer during the first day of the battle of Somme
1.2 million
Final casualties of the Battle of Somme
Trench Warfare
armies fought for mere yards of ground
Rivalries
What does nationalism lead to in Europe
Black Hand Organization
an organization promoting Serbian nationalism
Arms Race
a competition between nations to have the most powerful army
Sarajevo
where Franz Ferdinand was assassinated
saps
Shallower trenches in "no man's land,"
machine-gun nests, grenade throwing positions, and observation posts.
what did saps allow access to
Belgium
Where did Germany attack to get to France
It was 3,000 miles away and didn't threaten American lives or property
Why did most Americans see no reason to join the struggle in the war?
William Jennings Bryan
US lawyer and politician who was a pacifist
Socialists
People who criticized the war as a capitalist and imperialist struggle between Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East
Pacifists
People who believed that war was evil and that the US should set an example of peace to the world
$2.3 billion
By 1917, how much had American banks loaned to the Allies
$27 million
By 1917, how much had American banks loaned to the Central Powers
William McAdoo
Treasury secretary who felt that American prosperity depended upon an Allied victory
common ancestry and language and similar democratic institutions and legal systems
Why did Americans feel close to Britain at the beginning of the war
the bully of Europe
What was Germany referred to by one American magazine
labor shortage
By 1915, what was the US experiencing due to the Allie's high demand for war supplies
To ensure Allied repayment of debts to U.S. and to prevent Germans from threatening U.S. shipping
Two reason why America had mobilized for war in 1917
blockaded the German coast
Britain began to make more use of its naval strength by preventing weapons and other military supplies from getting through by doing what
Food
What did contraband include during the British blockade
blocked neutral ports and mined the entire North Sea
What besides a blockade did Britain do with its naval power
750,000
How many Germans starved to death as a result of the British blockade
U-boats
What did Germany use in response to the British blockade
Unterseeboot
German submarine (U-boat)
May 7, 1915
Date of the sinking of the Lusitania
1,198
How many people died in the sinking of the Lusitania
128
How many Americans died in the sinking of the Lusitania
Arabic
British liner sunk by a U-boat, drowning 2 Americans
Sussex
French passenger ship that Germany sunk, killing or injuring about 80 passengers
Wilson
Who did the democrats renominate in the 1916 presidential election
Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes
Who did the republicans nominate in the 1916 presidential election
"He kept us out of war"
Wilson's campaign slogan in 1916
League for peace
Wilson hoped that all nations would join this after his speech calling for "a peace without victory... a peace between equals"
January 31, 1917
Germany announced it was resuming unrestricted submarine warfare; they would sink any ship found in British waters
Zimmerman Note
a telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany and promised that if war with the United States broke out, Germany a would support Mexico in recovering lost territory
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona
what pieces of land were discussed in the Zimmerman note?
Democracies against brutal monarchies
What could supporters of American entry into the war claim that it was a war of
"Safe for Democracy"
The U.S. reason for entering WWI. The Russian Czar had been overthrown and replaced with a democratic government meaning that all the Allied powers were democracies
Eddie Rickenbacker
Famous fighter pilot of World War I who engaged in 134 air battles and downed 26 enemy aircraft
American ace of aces
Eddie Rickenbacker
200,000
How many men were in service when war was declared in the U.S.
Selective Service Act
Act that required men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service in 1917
24 million men
How many men had registered under the selective service act by the end of 1918
3 million
How many of the 24 million registered men got called up for war
2 million
How many US troops reached Europe before the truce was signed
400,000
How many African Americans served in the armed forces?
369th Infantry Regiment
all-black regiment that saw more continuous duty on the front lines than any other American regiment
Henry Johnson and Needham Roberts
Two soldiers of the 369th infantry were the first American soldiers to receive the French Croix de Guerre
cross of war
What does Croix de Guerre mean
8 months
How many months did the training of US troops take
17 hrs
How many hours a day did US troops train for
Rocks
What did soldiers train with instead of grenades
wooden poles
What did soldiers train with instead of rifles
13,000
How many women accepted noncombat positions in the navy and marines
Nurses, Secretaries, and Telephone Operators
What did women serve as in the navy and marines with full military rank
the government exempted many shipyard workers from the draft and gave others a deferred classification
What was the first step in order to expand the US fleet
The US Chamber of Commerce joined in a public relations campaign to emphasize the importance of shipyard work
What was the second step in order to expand the US fleet
Shipyards used prefabrication techniques
What was the third step in order to expand the US fleet
The government took over commercial and private ships and converted them for transatlantic war use
What was the fourth step in order to expand the US fleet
95
Ho man ships did the US launch on July 4, 1918 as a result of the third step of the expansion of the US fleet
American Vice Admiral William S. Sims
convinced the British to try the convoy system
Convoy System
A heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups; cut shipping losses in half
230 miles
How long was the barrier of mines across the North Sea from Scotland to Norway
637
Of the 2 million Americans who sailed to Europe during the war, how many were lost to U-boat attacks
Joseph Douglas Lawrence
U.S. Army lieutenant, remarked on the importance of American enthusiasm when he described his first impression of the trenches
American Expeditionary Force
The US forces, led by General John Pershing, who fought with the Allies in Europe during World War I
General John J. Pershing
commander of the American Expeditionary Force
Doughboys
American infantry men were called this
Mechanized Warfare
warfare reliant on the use of gas or diesel engines, tanks, airplanes
caterpillar treads
What did tanks run on
Note
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