Integumentary System-Anatomy 

Volkmanns

________ canal- transverse to exterior surface.

Osteoclasts

________- break down bone.

Surface film

________- residue from sweat glands; blocks toxins /antibacterial.

Osteoblast

________ remove calcium from blood to build bone.

Calcium

________ is needed for skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, nerve impulses, and blood clotting.

Hypothalamus

________- regulates body temperature.

Intramembranous ossification

________- form bones from membranes.

Articular cartilage

________- hyaline at joints.

Canaliculi

________- ultra small canals connecting lacunae to haversian, blood and lymph.

Periosteum

________- covers the long bone.

Medullary cavity

________- hollow space in diaphysis.

Skin

________ is the largest organ in the body.

Endochondral

________- bone forms from cartilage.

Germinal

________ matrix- growth point for hair and nails.

Dermis

________- dense fibrous irregular (collagen)

UV radiation

________- damages DNA → mitotic division → cancer.

Blisters

________- destruction of epidermal desmosomes.

Epiphysis

________- ends of long bone (bone marrow)

Vitiligo

________- pigmentation missing in patches.

Pale

________ skin- constriction of blood vessels.

Cyanosis

________- bluish skin.

Diaphysis

________- shaft of long bone.

Melanocytes

________- skin color; filter UV rays.

Endosteum

________- lining of medullary cavity.

Reticular

________- goosebump layer /muscle.

Epidermis

________- keratinized stratified squamous.

Lamella

________- concentric, calcified layers.

Hypodermis

________- adipose and areolar tissue.

Lunula

________- white at the base of nail.

Lacunae

________- fluid and osteocytes.

Osteogenesis

________- creation of bone.

Bones

________ store 98 % of bodys calcium.

Regeneration of epidermis

________ takes 35 days; process can be sped up by scraping.

Keratinocytes

________- tough keratin (90 % of cells)

Cancellous bone

________- areas of increased strength (epiphysis)

Skin color

________- melanocytes; tyrosinase converts into melanin.

Flat bone

________- cranium, sternum, scapula.

Lanugo hair

________- covers fetus but sheds before birth; common in premature babies.

Epiphyseal plate

________- growth plate.

Osteogenic cells

________- stem cells.

Dermis

________- thicker than the epidermis.

Thick skin

palmar and plantar

Thin skin

eyelids

Main function of skin

synthesize vitamin D

Epidermis

keratinized stratified squamous

Dermis

dense fibrous irregular (collagen)

Hypodermis

adipose and areolar tissue

Epidermal cell types

keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells

Keratinocytes

tough keratin (90% of cells)

Melanocytes

skin color; filter UV rays

Langerhans Cells

skin immunity

Stratum Corneum

most superficial; desmosomes

Hyperkeratosis

callous

Stratum Lucidum

absent in thin skin; ELEIDEN (soft gel; makes fingertips puffy)

Stratum Granulosum

degeneration; keratinization begins

Stratum Spinosum

rich in RNA

Stratum Basale

mitosis

Stratum Germinativum

growth

Blisters

destruction of epidermal desmosomes

Dermis

thicker than the epidermis

Main functions of dermis

hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels

Layers of dermis

Papillary and Reticular

Papillary

fingerprints; GRIPPING

Reticular

goosebump layer/muscle

Fibroblast

build fiber

Keloid

thickened scar

UV radiation

damages DNA → mitotic division → cancer

Skin color

melanocytes; tyrosinase converts into melanin

Pale skin

constriction of blood vessels

Blush skin

dilation of blood vessels

Cyanosis

bluish skin

Vitiligo

pigmentation missing in patches

Surface film

residue from sweat glands; blocks toxins/antibacterial

Langer lines

surgery lines

Hypothalamus

regulates body temperature

Lanugo hair

covers fetus but sheds before birth; common in premature babies

Germinal matrix

growth point for hair and nails

Lunula

white at the base of nail

Sweat gland

sudiferous gland

Eccrine

sweat glands

Apocrine

smell & bacteria glands

Bacteria

strep, staph, impetigo, boils

Virus

warts

Fungal

tinea

Tinea pedis

athletes foot

Tinea corporis

ringworm

Tinea cruris

jock itch

Articulations

joints

Long bone

femur and humerus

Short bone

phalanges

Flat bone

cranium, sternum, scapula

Irregular

vertebrae, pelvis

Seismoid

patella

Diaphysis

shaft of long bone

Epiphysis

ends of long bone (bone marrow)

Endosteum

lining of medullary cavity

Epiphyseal plate

growth plate

Articular cartilage

hyaline at joints

Periosteum

covers the long bone

Medullary cavity

hollow space in diaphysis