rev q 2

Thomas Jefferson

Third president of America whose election was a revolution, he valued small government and US Neutrality

Democratic-Republicans

This was a political party led by Jefferson and Madison, advocating for state rights and strict interpretation of government

Midnight appointments

In Adam’s last day as president, he was signing the commissions to new appointed Federalist midnight judges, as an attempt to fill these lifetime posts with anti-Jeffersonian partisans.

Judiciary Act of 1801

Legislation passes by Federalist congress that increases the number of federal judges and creates 6 more circuit courts

Marbury v Madison

Landmark Supreme Court case in 1803 that established the principle of judicial review

 John Marshall 

Fourth chief justice of US who is known for his role in establishing judicial review

Louisiana Purchase

The purchase of the Louisiana territory from France under Jefferson, by Monroe for $15 million which nearly doubled the size of the US.

Lewis and Clark Expeditions

Jefferson’s personal secretary and an army officer were sent by Jefferson to explore the northern region of the Louisiana territory and to find a water route to the Pacific.

Burr Conspiracy

This was an alleged plot by Aaron Burr, who wanted to establish an independent empire of his own in the west.

Embargo Act of 1807

act prohibited American ships from trading, which aimed to prevent involvement in European conflicts and remain neutral during the war between the British and the French

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

• The Leopard tried to search the Chesapeake. The Chesapeake refused to stop, so the Leopard shot their guns at the American boat. The British ended up killing 3 Americans and forced three Americans to work in the British navy.

•  The Americans were disappointed that the Chesapeake did not try hard to fight the Leopard crew. They considered the event very humiliating. There was constant calling for war against Britain.

Macons Bill no2

An attempt to initiate peace with Britain and France by threatening to resume the embargo on whichever nation didn’t repeal its trade restrictions on the other first

William Henry Harrison

He was a major general in the Battle of Tippecanoe, and a future president

Henry Clay

The Speaker of the House and the Secretary of State under Adams who also initiated the compromise Tariff of 1833 during the Nullification crisis which helped prevent a civil war between South Carolina Nullies and Unionists, and also created the American System and proposed the Missouri Compromise

American System

This was an economic program known for its system of protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements which aimed at improving the American industrial system economically.

Era of Good Feelings

• Used to describe the administration of the 5th president of the United States Jeffersonian James Monroe due to the calm political climate and economic prosperity.

• Though this was true initially there was increasing sectionalism over issues like internal improvement, tariffs, the bank, selling land, and slavery. 

Tallmadge Amendment

This was an amendment proposed to Missouri Statehood bill, in order to restrict slavery in the newly formed state

Missouri Compromise

Compromise made by Henry Clay. Said that the south could get Missouri as a slave state while the North gets a new area, Maine , as a free state. 

• Slavery was banned above the 36:30 line which maintained sectional balance but didn’t end the conflict. 

Monroe Doctrine

• Demonstrates nationalistic impacts. 

• There were a lot of democratic revolutions in the Western Hemisphere and the U.S was scared Europe would try to recolonize. 

• Britain proposes an alliance where both powers decide to leave alone Latin America territory. America is suspicious and refuses because it would prevent further expansion.
  

• Written by John Quincey Adams the secretary of state. He warns against foreign intervention and in exchange the US would stay out of European affairs. 

• Europe isn’t threatened (U.S is concerned more about their safety than Latin Americas.)

John Quincy Adams 

• Wins the election of 1824 and makes Clay the secretary of state. 

• Jacksonites are outraged and claim that John Quincy Adams bribed Clay, they said that this directly opposed democracy. 

Arms race between U.S and Britain solved by the Rush Bagot Agreement (1817)

• Signed by the U.S and Britain, it put strict limitations on naval weapons in the great Lakes region. 

1. This is the first step in complete demilitarization of U.S-Canada border

Start of Second Great Awakening (1790 - 1835)

• Caused by Uncertaintiy of life, and several science topics were coming to light, for example - charles darwin was born around 1800s

• So there was like a religious revival 

• meetings were held in small towns and large cities throughout the country, and the unique frontier institution known as the camp meeting began.

  •  offered community, often singing and other music, sometimes dancing, and diversion from work.

• Leaders were charles finney, Lyman Beecher, etc

Revolution of 1800

• This was the election between Jefferson and Adams and it’s known as the revolution because its the first time the federalists are like not in power, but instead the democratic- republicans are

• Sowed that power could be transferred between parties without chaos and like war

Treaty of Fort Wayne

• Signed between US and Native tribes, ceding large tracts of Native land to the US government

• This added to more tensions between the colonists and Native Americans

Battle of Tippecanoe

• This was fought between American forces led by Harrison and Natives led by Tecumseh’s brother, the Prophet

• This ended in a victory for Americans and weakened the Native resistance in the Northwest

War of 1812

• This was a conflict between the US and Great Britain, about marine rights, impressment, Native American rights, and other disagreements

• This war ended without a ‘winner’ after years of fighting

Hartford Convention 

• Federalists Demanded 

1. Compensation for lost trade

2. ⅔ vote in Congress before passing an embargo

3. Getting rid of the ⅗ compromise. 

• The federalists worried that southern priorities were overpowering the ones of the North in politics due to their large population (radicals threaten secession).

• Happens at the eave of victory in the Battle of New Orleans and is seen as petty. This is the end for the Federalist party in politics for suggesting such radical ideas. 

Treaty of Ghent

• This treaty ends the war of 1812 between Britain and America

• This restored the borders, agreed to work against the slave trade and made other agreements

Battle of New Orleans

• This was a fight between American forces led by Andrew Jackson and British forces during War of 1812

• Even though it happens after the treaty is signed, America’s victory here raises the national pride and contributes to Jackson’s future

McCulloch v. Maryland

• This was another landmark court case that says the second bank of the United States is constitutional

• This case rules that you cannot tax the federal government or the government's institutions

Panic of 1819

• This was an economic downturn in the United States, shown by unemployment, and bank failures

• This was caused by over-speculation, decline in cotton prices, contraction of credit, and closings of many factories.

Andrew Jackson:

The seventh president of the United States who started Jacksonian democracy and symbolized the rise of the common man. 

John Quincy Adams

He was the sixth president of the United States and faced Andrew Jackson and his supporters over issues like state's rights and tariffs.

The Corrupt Bargain

This was an alleged deal between Henry Clay and John Q. Adams to throw the election of 1824, which became a rallying cry for Jackson’s supporters. 

Jacksonian Democracy

It focused on the concept of universal white manhood suffrage, extending freedom to white individuals and allowing all white men to vote. 

Spoils System:

It involved rewarding political allies with government positions as a form of patronage.

Tariff of Abominations

It imposed high taxes on imported goods.

John C. Calhoun

 He was a staunch advocate for states' rights, leading the nullification movement in South Carolina against federal tariffs.

The Nullification Crisis:

A conflict in the early 1830s over whether states could reject federal laws, with South Carolina opposing tariffs. 

Force Bill

Allowed President Andrew Jackson to use military force to enforce federal laws in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis.

Henry Clay

He was known as the "Great Compromiser" for his efforts to resolve sectional disputes, particularly regarding tariffs, serving as Speaker of the House and Secretary of State.

Five Civilized Tribes

They included the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole.

Trail of tears:

the forced relocation of Native American tribes, particularly the Cherokee, from their ancestral lands 

Anti-Masonic Party

 It was created in the 1820s and opposed Masonry and Jacksonian Democracy, supported by Evangelical Protestants. 

Pet banks:

State banks selected by President Andrew Jackson to receive federal deposits after he vetoed the rechartering of the Bank of the United States in 1832

Whig Party

A political party formed in the 1830s in opposition to President Andrew Jackson and his policies, advocating for a strong federal government, protective tariffs, and internal improvements

Martin van Buren:

He was the eighth president and the successor to Jackson, he continued the ideals of Jacksonian Democracy and saw controversies with the Divorce Bill and Texas.

Specie Circular

Required public land purchases to be made with gold or silver instead of paper currency.

Divorce Bill:

• Divorces private equity from us financial system (model we have) -- independent treasury system → federal reserve system 

1. Separates govt from banking by establishing an independent treasury systemTo separate the government from banking 

2. Established an independent treasury system

3. PModel that we have now 

Sam Houstan

a key leader in Texas' fight for independence from Mexico and later served as President of the Republic of Texas and as a U.S. Senator and Governor of Texas.

William Henry Harrison

He was the ninth president and a candidate of the Whig Party. He died of pneumonia just 4 weeks after his inauguration. 

Election of 1824:

1. Marks beg of jacksonian era

2. It's the election where popular vote doesn't result in presidency directly

3. Clay, crawford (has a stroke and cant run),

The  election of 1828

Jackson won against JQA

The indian removal act

• Indians and white people can't live together. 

1. Forced relocation of Native American tribes

2. Did Not believe native americans and americans could live on the same land

Bank War 1832

Veto of banks recharter

The Black hawk war 1832

Iroquois different from 5 civilized different from su

Compromise tariff 1833

1. Henry clay proposed this to solve nullification crisis by reducing tariff by 10% which makes the south fine which gets ride of the crisis

Battle of San Jacinto

• Sam houston victory against gov

Panic of 1837

• Economic failures + species circular of jackson

1. Severe downturn by over speculation again

Independent Treasury

• After divorce bill

• Jackson gave money to treasury from banks

1. Aimed to separate fed govt finances from influence from banks, stores govt funds in vaults instead of depositing them

Election of 1840

• Harrison won against van bueran

• Log cabins and hard cider campaign

Battle of alamo

mexican forces vs texan forces

nullification crisis

between SC and old south to the northeast

Proclamation of 1763

• Americans show their desire to move west disregarding other laws

• French and Indian War the British say the colonists can’t move past the Appalachian, which they rejected because they fought for the land. 

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

• Passed post revolution

• Doubled size of US

• Introduced ways for territories to be inducted into the U.S

• Prohibited slavery 

• Provided a way to pay for public schools

Creek war 

• Pushing natives out of land

• Natives lost and gave land to US in the treaty of fort jackson

• Jackson was general in this conflict (he doesn’t like natives)

• Was happening with the war of 1812 

Convention of 1818

• Northern boundary between britain, canada, 49th parallel 

• Created the boundary/parallel

• Important because it settles conflict between united states and new england without guns

Adams Onis Treaty

Gives us Florida and Spanish left the arabian territory, makes boundaries between US territories and spain

Land act of 1820

• Government trying to make land accessible and affordable for people

• Public lands couldn’t be bought on credit so over speculation wouldn’t be an issue

• Predecessor to the homestead act

Andrew Jackson

• Important to westward expansion 

• Accomplished Westward expansion by pushing Natives out

• Passed the Indian Removal Act

• Texas Mexican War concludes and Texas applies for statehood, Jackson says no because it would disrupt balance

Indian removal act

• President gives Indians land west of mississippi river 

• Led to trail of tears

Polk

• President during Mexican american war

• Completed continental US

• Does 4 things (Mexican cession, settles Oregon, implements independent treasury system (divorce bill), lowers tariff)

• Didn’t run again because he finished everything he wanted to do

• Greatest one term president ever

54-40 or fight

• 54-40 is the extreme border america set 

• Polk wanted to expand all the way up there and he appealed to everyone by saying he wanted it

John O’Sullivan

coined the phrase “Manifest Destiny” in 1845

Annexation of Texas

• Happened during Tyler's presidency (joint resolution)

• Americans in Texas were there fought a war, won independence wanted to become part of the union

• Texas signed a treaty

Oregon Treaty 

• Britain and US

• Set parallel at 49

• Completed border disputes 

Mexican-American War

• War between mexicans and americans for many reasons (annexation of texas)

• America won

• Lengths america would go to to secure land

Mexicans lost not spain

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

• Settled mexican american war

• Gave us all the land in southwest (california, utah, nevada, arizona) for 18.2 million

• Cancel a debt

• Border of texas was set

California Gold Rush

• Increased westward migration increased california population

• Finding gold in the west

Gadsden Purchase

• Final admission to the continental US

• Set land borders between

• Bought it because it the easiest path across the continental divide to build a southern railroad (made stephen douglass worried → kansas nebraska act) cost 10 million

• We didn’t build a railroad right away

• There is nickel alloy in this area

Pacific Railroad Act

• Union pacific and central pacific are the two names

• End to westward expansion