Chapter 13 - Political Transformation

Arabs

________ were the first to introduce sugar manufacturing on a large scale to the Mediterranean.

Africans

Although cross- racial marriages accounted for only approximately 10 % of all weddings in Brazil, the usage of concubines and informal liaisons among Indians, ________, and Portuguese resulted in a large population of mixed- race people.

Food crops

________ from the United States, such as maize, potatoes, and cassava, expanded rapidly throughout the Eastern Hemisphere, providing the nutritional foundation for the massive population boom that became a hallmark of the modern period worldwide.

Aztec subject peoples

despised Mexica dominance and eagerly aided Hernán Cortés in the Spanish invasion of that kingdom

Great Dying/Little Ice Age

reduced the population of the Americas dramatically, creating an acute labor shortage that undoubtedly made way for immigrants, both colonial Europeans, and enslaved Africans