Blood Vessels PART 1

blood vessels

the components of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body

arteries

carry the blood away from the heart

arterioles

are small branches of an artery leading into capillaries

capillaries

where the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues occurs

veins

which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

Five types of blood vessels

thick and elastic

Arteries are __ and __ to withstand the pressure in transporting blood to the whole body

arteries, capillaries, veins

Main types of blood vessels

arteries

Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all of the body's tissues

capillaries

Small, thin blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins. Their thin walls allow oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other waste products to pass to and from cells

veins

Blood carried by the veins contains less oxygen and rich in waste products

▪Tunica intima

▪Tunica media

▪Tunica externa

Both the vein and artery are composed of three major layers

Tunica intima

Innermost and thinnest layer

internal elastic lamina

 Composed of simple squamous epithelial cells interlaced with several circularly arranged elastic bands called the ___

simple squamous epithelial cells

Tunica intima is compose of ________.

Tunica media

Thickest layer in the arteries

external elastic lamina

Consists of circularly arranged elastic fiber, connective tissue, polysaccharide substances, the second and third layer are separated by another thick elastic band called ___

elastic fiber, connective tissue, polysaccharide substances

Tunica media are consist of_______, _________ and ______.

Tunica externa

Outer layer and the thickest layer in veins

Tunica externa

Entirely made of connective tissue

Tunica externa

Contains nerves that supply the vessel as well as nutrient capillaries (vasa vasorum) in the larger blood vessel

Vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels (becoming smaller in cross-sectional area) by contracting the vascular smooth muscle in the vessel walls

increases

if the vasoconstriction becomes smaller, the blood pressure _______.

vasoconstrictors

substances that causes the blood vessel to vasoconstrict is called ________.

• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

• Cold Water

• Antihistamine

what are the examples of vasoconstrictors?

Vasodilation

a process mediated by antagonistically acting mediators. The most prominent vasodilator is nitric oxide (termed endothelium-derived relaxing factor for this reason)

decreases

if the vasodilation becomes bigger, the blood pressure ________.

nitric oxide

The most prominent vasodilator is ______.

hormone (vasopressin)
neurotransmitter (epinephrine)

what are the others vasodilators except for nitric oxide?

25 millimeters, 8 micrometers

Vessel size ranges from a diameter of about __ for the aorta to only _ in the capillaries.

VESSEL SIZE

It ranges from a diameter of about 25 millimeters for the aorta to only 8 micrometers in the capillaries

median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein

the three major veins

Antecubital fossa

Also known as the elbow pit

Antecubital fossa

Triangular area on the anterior of the elbow, which is a site of major veins

Antecubital fossa

First choice for routine venipuncture because there are several major veins called antecubital veins

antecubital veins

First choice for routine venipuncture because there are several major veins called ________.

Median cubital vein

preferred venipuncture site; easiest to access and least painful for the patient

• it is prominent

• easy to palpate

• it is well-anchored which is easy to hit

• it is close to the surface of the skin

give four reasons why the median cubital vein is the most preferred.

Cephalic vein

the second choice; harder to palpate but is usually better when drawing blood from an obese patient

Basilic vein

the last choice- vein; not well anchored and punctures are more painful

Leg, ankle, and foot veins

must not be used in venipuncture without the permission of a physician due to complications such as thrombosis

Arteries

not used for routine blood collection and are limited to the collection of arterial blood gas. Special training is needed, and the procedure is risky for the patient

Dark Red

if the blood is deoxygenated, the color of blood is ______.

Bright Red

if the blood is oxygenated, the color of blood is ______.