Geology Tutorial exam (copy)

Galena

Mineral, Metallic, black streak, very soft, 90 cleavage, high specific gravity

Magnetite

Mineral, Sub metallic, black streak, can be cut by a knife, magnetic

chalcopyrite

Mineral, Submetallic (gold), Greenish black streak, can be cut by a penny, low specific gravity

Graphite

Mineral, submetallic, dark grey streak, can be cut by a nail, low specific gravity

Pyrite

Mineral, submetallic, dark grey streak with a gold tinge, can be cut by a nail, bladed, looks like gold

hematite

Mineral, rust-red earthy, red streak, can be but by nail

Goethite

Mineral, dull, brown yellow streak, can be cut by the knife, round crystal habit, conchoidal

Calcite

Mineral, waxy-vitreous, colorless/white streak, can be cut by the penny, reacts to HCl, (double refraction if see-through)

Talc

Mineral, pearly (or waxy and dull), colorless/white streak, very soft

corundum

Mineral, (brown)Silky Earthy-(pink)vitreous, colorless streak(pink)-brown streak(brown) ,very hard

apatite

Mineral, vitreous, white streak, can be cut by a knife, contains veins of cream colour

gypsum

Mineral, pearly, white streak, very soft, massive flat habit

Quartz

Mineral, glassy/silky, no streak, many colours: Colorless, Smoky Gray, Milky White, Pink

fluorite

Mineral, vitreous, white powder/colourless streak, can be cut by a knife, has a rainbow shine in the light

plagioclase feldspar

Mineral, (supposed to be pearly but looks earthy and waxy), white streak, Can come in multiple colours: Black and grey with a blue shimmer or White w/ brown veins

chlorite

Mineral, dull, White/grey streak, very soft, has orange undertones

biotite

Mineral, vitreous, glass shard like streak, very thin looks like film

muscovite

Mineral, vitreous, white streak, very thin looks more like tin foil, has green in it

kyanite

Mineral, vitreous, white streak, has copper red veins, long crystal habit

staurolite

Mineral, dull, orange areas streak orange, very hard

potassium feldspar

Mineral, a dull face with slightly waxy sides, has a sulfur smell when streaked, white streak, can be cut by a nail, has a grey accent colour

Garnet

Mineral, vitreous with earthy patches, white streak, can be cut by a nail

pyroxene

Mineral, dull, white/grey streak, army grey green with dark grey accents

amphibole

Mineral, vitreous and earthy, red streak, can be cut by a nail, can contain red

olivine

Mineral, vitreous with earthy bottom, dark grey streak, very hard

diorite

Igneous, Phaneritic, equigranularity, intermediate, intrusive

Gabbro

Igneous, phaneritic, mafic, intrusive

Obsidian

Igneous, glassy, conchoidal, mafic intrusive

syenite

Igneous, small crystal, phaneritic, equigranularity, felsic, intrusive

andesite porphyry

Igneous, Porphyritic, intermediate, intrusive

Granite

Igneous, coarse texture, felsic, intrusive

Basalt

Igneous, compact, fine-grained, and glassy, black in color and weather to dark green or brown

Pumice

Igneous, low specific gravity, contains a lot of empty gas bubbles

Rhyolite

Igneous, color is relatively light – usually light pink or light gray, is dense, with no bubbles or air pockets

Diabase

Igneous, fine- to medium-grained, dark gray to black, intrusive

Rhyolite porphyry

Igneous, Porphyritic, color is relatively light – usually light pink or light gray

Scoria

Igneous, no crystals, It is typically dark in color, bubbles

Breccia

Sedimentary, smooth, pink with black specs, no pores,

chaotic rock type, well sorted

conglomerate

Sedimentary, lots of variety of rocks sizes, and colours

Sandstone

Sedimentary, quartz crystals, yellow/cream coloured, sandy texture

Shale

Sedimentary, smooth, sheet like cleavage, black or dark brown

Coal

Sedimentary, smooth, sheet like cleavage, black or dark brown

fossiliferous limestone

Sedimentary, dark brown, smooth fossils components, light brown between fossils -small quartz crystals

micritic limestone

Sedimentary,smooth ,light grey/brown ,silty,conchoidal

coquina

Sedimentary, -variety of colours spanning white to orange -composed of shells -porous -poorly sorted

Chert

Sedimentary, conchoidal, Dark grey -smooth -can have fossils

Dolostone

Sedimentary, plant/shell shaped fossils , light grey, porous

evaporite

Sedimentary, smooth -translucent -white and grey -crystals are a conglomerate

Marble

Metamorphic, granoblastic, can see quartz, low grade

quartzite

Metamorphic, quartz and feldspar visible, granoblastic

schist

Metamorphic, schistose slaty, muscovite biotite and mica visible,

Gneiss

Metamorphic, biotite feldspar staurolite are visible,

gnessic texture

Amphibolite

Metamorphic, granoblasitc, biotite feldspar staurolite are visible

slate

metamorphic, fine grained, clay mineral, slatey

skarn

metamorphic, granoblastic, Garnet crystal calcite Epidote can be found inside

folded pyllite

metamorphic, phyllitic slatey, fine grained, pyrite Quartz staurolite andalusite can be found inside