Science Unit 2 Cells

Endoplasmic reticulum

A network of sac-like structures and tubes in the cytoplasm of a cell.

Golgi body

a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell.

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

Vacuole

A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials.

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell

Nucleus

Control center of the cell

Cell wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

Cell membrane

Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

Ribosomes

Responsible for protein synthesis

Chloroplasts

a plastid that contains chlorophyll (green pigment) and in which photosynthesis takes place

Permeable

Allowing liquids or gases to pass through it.

Impermeable

Not permitting passage (especially of fluids)

Selectively permeable

Ability to differentiate between different types of molecules, only allowing some molecules through while blocking others.

Osmosis

The movement of solvent (water) through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher solute concentration. (Only solvent moves)

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (Both solvent and solute moves)

Unicellular

A single celled organism

Multicellular

Made up of more than one cell

Cilia

Microtubule based hair like organelles that extend from the surface of almost all cell types of the human body.

Flagella

Whip like tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement

Pseudopod

A temporary growth on a cell that allows it to be mobile, almost like a little foot. (false foot)

Cellular respiration

The process by which food, in the form of sugar (glucose), is transformed into energy within cells.

Photosynthesis

Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

Tissues

A group of cells that possess a similar structure and perform a specific function

Organs

A part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function

Organ systems

A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions.

Epithelial tissue

A type of body tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body, lines body cavities and hollow organs and is the major tissue in glands

Connective tissue

bind structures together, form a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole, store fat, transport substances, protect against disease, and help repair tissue damage.

Muscle tissue

A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.

Nerve tissue

A body tissue that carries messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body

Protective tissue

The tissues that are present in the outermost part of the plant (leaves, stem, roots, etc.) that are responsible for protecting the plant body.

Photosynthetic tissue

Plant tissue in leaves used to make food by photosynthesis using sunlight.

Transport tissue

Moves water and nutrients through the plant

Skeletal system

It supports the body, facilitates movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells and stores, releases minerals and fat, and is the frame of the body.

Muscular system

It makes you move, breathe, makes your heart beat

Circulatory system

Made up of blood vessels that carries blood away or towards the heart. The system carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes products such as carbon dioxide

Respiratory system

the network of organs and tissues that help you breath. The system helps your body absorb oxygen from air so your organs can work. It also cleans waste gases, such as carbon dioxide, from your blood. Common problems include allergies, diseases or infections

Nervous system

your body's command center. It controls your movements, thoughts and automatic responses to the world around you. It also controls other body systems and processes, such as digestion, breathing and sexual development

Digestive system

breaks down food so nutrients can be absorbed by the blood and transported to all cells. It also disposes solid waste.

Excretory system

removes waste from the body. These wastes include, water, CO2, nitrogen, salts and heat.

Integumentary system

body system that consists of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. This system forms a barrier between the internal environment and the external environment. This system has many functions, including protection, regulation of body temperature, and sensory reception.

Endocrine system

The glands and organs that make hormones and release them directly into the blood so they can travel to tissues and organs all over the body.

Lymphatic System

The tissues and organs that produce, store, and carry white blood cells that fight infections and other diseases.