Bio exam 3 study guide

Euglenozoa

________ is a diverse clade that includes predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs and parasites.

Green algae

________ are divided into charophytes and chlorophytes.

Mesoderm

________ fills the space between the ectoderm and the endoderm and gives rise to muscles and organs.

Endotoxins

________ are released only when bacteria die and their cell walls break down.

Treponema palladium

________ causes syphilis and Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease.

Transduction

________ is the movement of genes between prokaryotic cells by phages (viruses that infect bacteria)

external heat

Most are ectothermic, absorbing ________ to regulate body temperature; birds are endothermic, maintaining body temperature through metabolism.

DNA Structure

________ is similar to that of prokaryotes.

Spirochetes

________ are helical gram- negative heterotrophs.

porous shells

Forams, are named for their ________, called tests.

Autotrophs

________ require C02 as a carbon source.

allele frequencies

Can alter ________ in a population.

aquatic larvae

Many amphibians have gill breathing ________ that undergo metamorphosis into lung breathing adults that live on land.

Scientists

________ use the gram stain to classify bacteria by cell wall composition.

Prokaryotes

________ can be categorized by how they obtain energy and carbon.

fresh water

Most chlorophytes live in ________, although many are marine and some are terrestrial.

Diatoms

________ are highly diverse, unicellular algae with a unique two art glass like wall of silicon dioxide.

accumulation of traits

Results in ________ that adapt a population to its environment.

Pili

________ (or sex ________) are longer that fimbriae and allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA.

Dinoflagellates

________ have two flagella, and each cell is reinforced by cellulose plates.

Pseudopodia

________ extend through the pores in the test and are used for swimming, feeding and test formation.

Charophytes

________ are most closely related to land plants.

Cyanobacteria

________ are gram- negative photoautotrophs that generate O2 through plantlike photosynthesis.

Pathogenic

________ prokaryotes typically cause disease by releasing exotoxins or endotoxins.

Genetic drift

________: change in the gene pool of a population due to chance.

Chlamydias

________ are disease causing parasites that can only live within animal host cells.

Chemotrophs

________ obtain energy from chemicals.

Secondary endosymbiosis

________ occurred when eukaryotic algal cells were ingested by heterotrophic eukaryotes.

Conjugation

________ is a process by which genetic material is transferred directly between prokaryotic cells.

Hardy Weinberg

In ________ equilibrium, the frequency of each allele in the gene pool will remain constant unless acted upon by other agents.

Vesicles

________ exhibit simple reproduction and metabolism and maintain an internal chemical environment.

Cyanobacteria

________ are common members of the phytoplankton in marine and freshwater communities.

polysaccharide

A(n) ________ or protein layer called a capsule covers many prokaryotes and allows them to adhere to the substrate or each other.

Amoebas

________ move and feed by pseudopodia, extensions that bulge from the cell surface.

Forams

________ and cercozoans are members of the rhizarian clade.

Phototrophs

________ obtain energy from light.

archaea

Some ________ live in extreme environments and are called extremophiles.

Chordates

________ are bilateral animals that belong to the animal clade Deuterostomia.

Microevolution

________: a change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a gene pool.

Birds

________ are a diverse group of flying reptiles that evolved about 160 million years ago.

flexible rod

Notochord, a(n) ________ providing support.

Replication

________ and metabolism are key properties of life and may have appeared together in early protocells.

Plant chloroplasts

________ likely evolved from cyanobacteria by the process of endosymbiosis.

common ancestor

All organisms are related through descent from a(n) ________.

Heterotrophs

________ obtain carbon from organic nutrients.

resistant cells

Some bacteria develop ________ called endospores when they lack water or essential nutrients.

geographic distribution of species

The ________ suggested to Darwin that organisms evolve from common ancestors.

prokaryotic cells

Some ________ can take up and incorporate foreign DNA from the surrounding environment in a process called transformation.

Animals

________ can be categorized according to the symmetry of their bodies or lack of it.

Exotoxins

________ are secreted and cause disease even if the prokaryotes that produce them are not present.