reading check 5.6-5.10

The variation of food consumption is from a combination of

Level of development Physical Conditions Cultural Preferences

dietary energy consumption

The amount of food that an individual consumes (kcal)

food security

physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food that meets dietary needs.

undernourishment

dietary energy consumption that is continuously below that needed for a health life.

What percent of the world does not have food security?

10%

Undernourishment is most present in what two regions?

Sub-Saharan Africa(1/4) and South Asia(1/5)

Four reasons for high food prices

poor weather Higher demand Small growth/productivity Use of crops as biofuels instead of food

Human get most calories from

cereal grain

clustered rural settlement

agricultural based community in which a number of families live in close promixty to each and other farms

dispersed rural settlement

farmers living on INDIVUAL FARMS located away from neighbors

linear settlements

settlements comprised around a road river or dike

substance agriculture

Production of food primarily for consumption by the farmers family (found in developing countries)

Commercial agriculture

the production of cash crops primarily for sale off the farm (found in developed countries)

Cash crop

a crop grown for sale rather than for the farmers use

Main features that distinguish commercial from substance agriculture

percentage of farmers in labor force, use of machinery, farm size

what percent of workers in developed countries are farmers?

3%

what percent of workers in developing countries are farmers?

35%

subsistence agriculture in developing countries

Intensive substance, pastoral nomadism, shifting,

commercial agriculture in developed countries

mixed crop and livestock, dairy, grain, livestock ranching, mediterrain, commercial gardening

intensive subsistente agriculture

the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more lab our

form of subsistence agriculture that feeds most people is

intensive subsistente agriculture

intensive subsistente agriculture is mostly practiced in..

East, South, and Southeast Asia

double cropping

Land contains two harvest per year from one field

Intensive substance wet rice NOT dominant is mainly in

parts of east and South Asia where growing rice is difficult

Intensive substance wet rice dominant is mainly in

east and South Asia

Shifting cultivation

people shift frequently from one field to another

Shifting cultivation is dominant is mainly in the rain forest of

Latin America, sub saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia

two distinct features of shifting cultivation is

slash and burn and Frequent relocation

Slash and Burn

farmers clear land for planting by slashing vegetation and burning debris.

Frequent relocation

Farmers grow crops on cleared fields only for a few years until soil nutrients in gone then they leave it empty for many years to allow the soil to recover.

pastoral nomadism

based on the hearing of domestic animals in DRY climates

Pastoral nomadism is dominant in mainly

the drylands of southwest Asia, North Africa, Central Asia, east Asia

Common animals for pastoral nomadism

Cattle, Camels, Goats, Sheep

transhumane

seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas.

Plantation

Large commercial farm in developing countries that specializes in one or two crops

Plantations are dominant in mainly

The tropical and subtropical regions of Latin America, sub saharan africa, South Asia, and Southeast asia

Crops grown on plantations

cotton, coffee, rubber, tobacco, sugar, cocoa, jute bananas, tea, coconuts, palm oil

Agribuisness

commercial farming found in developed countries

Crops on grain farms are grown primarily for..

human consumption

Mono-cropping

practice of crowing the same single crop every year.

Mediterranean Agriculture

western united states, southern tip of Africa, Chile ( narrow strips of land across the coast)

Commercial Gardening is dominant in mainly

South eastern united states and southeastern australia

Livestock ranching

commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area

Livestock ranching is dominant in mainly

The drylands of western North America, southeastern latin America, Central asia, Sub saharan Africa a, South pacific

Mixed is dominant in mainly

The U.S Midwest and central Europe