ARCH 307 Exam #2 Slide IDs

- Pantheon’s Oculus

- Rome

- 118-125 CE

- 8 m wide opening that allows sun in a circular shape to enter the interior

- Built to position the sun’s light on significant dates and solstices

- Part of the wider dome, made of coffering and increasingly light material like pumice

- Canopus

- Tivoli

- 118-134 CE

- Long rectangular reflection pond made to represent a canal from the Nile

- Lined with statues of Greek myth

- Contains the serapaeum on one end, a half-dome with a triclinium and waterfall feature

- Example of Hadrian’s experimentation with architecture

- Island Villa

- Tivoli

- 118-134 CE

- Small circular island with bedrooms, eating spaces, a library, and courtyard

- Courtyard possibly inspired by Piazza d’Oro

- Considered to be a success of Hadrian’s experimentation and an architectural marvel

- Basilica

- Pompeii

- 80-31 BCE

- Constructed during the Sullan period after the Social War

- Corinthian brick columns blocked the view of tribunals within the structure

- Example of Romanization during the Roman Republic

- Colonnade

- Pompeii

- 80 BCE-68 CE

- A rectangular colonnade around the forum oriented with the capitolium

- First Republican phase left unfinished but later finished by the Augustan period

- Arches next to the capitolium mimic the temple of Venus Genetrix

- Antonine Warehouse

- Ostia

- circa 160 CE

- Warehouse of singular rooms that stood along the street

- A less secure but more effective system of storage from the previous horrea

- One of the most common buildings in Ostia due to the amount of commerce in the city

- Garden House

- Ostia

- circa 128 CE

- Multi-roomed apartments typically owned by harbor managers or high class individuals

- Contained elaborate decoration like statues and cistern courtyards

- House of the Hunt

- Bulla Regia

- 2nd century CE

- Roman style house with special adaptions to the environment

- Second, private floor is located underground instead of the typical upstairs

- Palazzo delle Colonne

- Ptolemais

- late 2nd-1st century BCE

- A Greek style peristyle house with top heavy pediment decorations above the courtyard’s colonnade

- First known example of the “broken pediment” architecture, a popular decoration that spreads throughout Rome

- Severan Forum

- Leptis Magna

- 216 CE

- Massive forum with a crooked basilica due to terrain

- Contains a typical Roman temple except for the architecturally Punic stairway entrance

- Hunting Baths

- Leptis Magna

- late 2nd century CE

- Baths purposely made to look ugly to encourage entering the structure

- Example of well preserved domed structures

- Maison Carree

- Nimes

- 19 BCE

- A “perfect” Roman temple with correct proportions

- Example of thorough Romanization in southern France

- Nimes Amphitheater

- France

- late 1st century CE

- Constructed Romano-Celt Tiberius Crispius Reburrus

- Amphitheater built identically to a nearby amphitheater at Arles

- Example of Romano-Celts building Roman architecture

- Orange Theater

- France

- early 1st century CE

- One of the best preserved theater in all of the Roman Empire (including stage and orchestra)

- Covered in a marble veneer

- Contains evidence of velarium brackets

- Villa at Fishbourne

- England

- 75 CE

- Largest Roman villa in Britain constructed for client-king Togidubnus

- Strictly Roman design in a very cold climate

- Example of Romanization in Celtic culture

- Temple of Jupiter Heliopolitanus

- Baalbek

- 250 CE

- Largest sanctuary in the entire Roman Empire

- Contains a propylon, hexagonal forecourt, colonnade courtyard, and a temple to Jupiter Capitolinus

- Propylon and colonnade use Roman and Near-Eastern architecture associated with local god Ba’al

- Propylon columns are not equally distanced

- Temple of Hadrian

- Ephesos

- Mid 2nd century CE

- Contains widely spaced columns with Syrian arch

- Syrian arch appears as a border decoration when angled correctly

- Example of Roman architecture using provincial architecture

- Arch of Hadrian

- Athens

- 138 CE

- Boundary marker between old-town Athens and new-town Athens (constructed by Hadrian)

- Uniquely thin arch with frescoes and baroque decoration atop

- Doubles as imperial propaganda as people enter the newer part of the city

- Theater at Sabratha

- Libya

- late 2nd century CE

- Contains the best preserved scaenae frons in the Roman Empire

- Backdrop included 3 entrances and 3 tiered columns, made to represent either

- Odeum of Herodes

- Athens

- 160 CE

- A Roman roofed theater

- Most well-known odeum with extremely tall scaenae frons

- Circus at Leptis Magna

- Libya

- 2nd century CE

- Large flat structure used for chariot racing and triumphal processions

- Best preserved Roman circus

- Central spina is purposely crooked to assist charioteers turn

- Baths of Diocletian

- Rome

- 298-306 CE

- Largest baths at the time of its construction

- Frigidarium is the only surviving section of the bath (now a church)

- Immensely tall, open, and bright due to groin vaults

- Pool’s facade similar to a theater’s scaenae frons

- Baths of Diocletian Plan

- Rome

- 298-306 CE

- Largest baths at the time of its construction

- Frigidarium is the only surviving section of the bath (now a church)

- Immensely tall, open, and bright due to groin vaults

- Pool’s facade similar to a theater’s scaenae frons

- Basilica at Trier

- Germany

- early 4th century CE

- Imperial building used to emphasize the presence of the emperor

- Contained now destroyed wooden beams that held up a second floor

- Porta Nigra

- Trier

- early 4th century CE

- Unfinished black gate with an intended 4 floors, although only one section has 4

- Inscription claims the 3rd floor was built in 3 weeks

- Well preserved due to being a church and home of a martyr