Elements of Art / Principles of Design

Line

A mark that is greater in length than in width.

Shape

Describing a closed line that is two-dimensional, flat, or defined by only height and width.

Form

Describing a closed line that is three-dimensional, has volume, or defined by height, width, and depth.

Texture

Describes the surface or feel of something. It can be real or implied.

Color

Reflection of light.

Value

The lightness or darkness of something, with white as the lightest and black as the darkest.

Space

Can refer to the areas in or around objects (Positive or Negative) or can refer to the illusion of depth.

Balance

Impression of equilibrium in an artwork. Can often be referred to as symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial.

Emphasis

Used to create a center of interest, the place in an artwork where your eye first lands.

Contrast

The arrangement of opposite elements in an artwork to create interest.

Unity

When the components of a work of art are perceived as harmonious, giving the work a sense of completion.

Movement

Suggestion of motion through the use of various elements.

Rhythm/ Pattern

Repetition of a design element, exact or varied, which can establish a visual beat.

Proportion/ Scale

Size relationship of parts to a whole and to one another.

Aesthetics

Set of ideas that determine the standards and appreciation of beauty, especially in art.

Personal Aesthetics

Beauty or appreciation based on personal preference. Usually triggers a response from you individually because of your values, memories, experiences, etc.

Contextual Aesthetics

Beauty or appreciation based on ideals or standards accepted within a specific time, culture, and/or group.

Formal Aesthetics

Beauty and appreciation based on a refined understanding of Visual Art, specifically on the Elements of Art and the Principles of Design.