ch 8 nutrition

A classic rule states that each pound of body fat contains 3500 kcalories. Thus, a person who consistently eats 2300 kcalories per day and expends 2000 kcalories per day for 30 days would be expected to gain:

2.6 pounds

Over the long term, the composition of weight gained or lost is ______ percent fat and ______ percent lean, whereas, during fasting/starvation, losses of fat and lean are about equal.

75, 25

Which hormone increases satiety?

cholecystokinin

Which lists energy metabolism components in the correct order from the highest expenditure to the smallest expenditure?

Basal metabolism, physical activity, thermic effect of food

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is influenced mainly by the amount of ______  body mass.

lean

If an athlete consumes 3,500 calories in a day, how many calories are likely to be used to digest the food (thermic effect of food)?

350

Which of the following is measured by BMI?

height and weight

A BMI of 32 would indicate that a person is __________.

obese

A person's ___ circumference is a good indicator of central obesity and suggests the presence of ____ fat.

waist, visceral

Determines body density dry as compared with submerged in water

hydrodensitometry

Uses low dose X-rays to differentiate tissue types

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Measures body fat with an electrical current

bioelectrical impedance

Is commonly called the bod pod

air-displacement plethysmography

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for metabolic syndrome?

dementia

Which of the following is the most common eating disorder in both males and females?

binge-eating disorder

What is the first dietary objective in treating anorexia nervosa?

stop further weight loss

Water constitutes about what percent of a healthy adult's body weight?

60

What is the term for the amount of energy that the body derives from foods?

physiological fuel value

What does satiation determine?

how much food is consumed during one meal

Which of the following is the control center in the brain that helps regulate and control appetite?

hypothalamus

Which source of calories causes the body to expend the most energy during digestion?

protein

In general, why does a tall person have a higher basal metabolic rate than a shorter person of the same weight?

Taller people have more skin surface area and lose heat more rapidly than a shorter person

Which statement is NOT true about estimating energy requirements?

The more a person weighs, the less energy is expended on basal metabolism.

What relationship does the body mass index describe?

relationship between weight and height

What does the body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 indicate?

healthy weight

Where is visceral fat stored?

abdominal cavity

Which health concern is associated with the accumulation of fat in the abdominal region?

insulin resistance

A weight gain of how much after the age of 18 doubles the risk of developing diabetes, even in adults of average weight?

10

Which of the following eating disorders is most common in both males and females?

binge-eating disorder

fat is stored in _____ tissue

adipose

the number and ____ of fat cells increase when energy balance is positive

size

as fat cells enlarge, they stimulate cell _______ meaning the number of cells increases

proliferation

if energy balance becomes negative, the number of fat cells ______

remains the same

oxidation releases energy as heat and ATP

white adipose

formation triggered by exercise

brite adipocytes

releases energy as heat only

brown adipose

stores fat for use by other cells

white adipose

oxidation is uncoupled from ATP formation

white adipose

Surgery for obesity could be an option if the person’s BMI \n is >___

40

Gastric surgeries decrease ______ size; it therefore limits \n food intake

stomach

_______(two words) surgery changes hormone \n production

gastric bypass

Long-term safety and effectiveness depend largely on \n compliance with _____ instructions. _______ in vitamins \n and minerals are common

dietary; deficiencies

In the United States, how many adults are affected by being \n underweight?

2 percent

What percentage of total energy expenditure is thermic effect of food?

10