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When is Lincoln inaugurated?
1861
What was the first state that seceded from the U.S. when Lincoln was elected?
South Carolina
What was the Southern Government named when states gathered in Montgomery for a convention?
the Confederate Constitution
What are the five border states
Delaware
Maryland
Kentucky
Missouri
West Virginia
Why was West Virginia established?
People from Virginia wanted to break away from the Confederacy, and remain part of the Union
What was the first battle of the Civil War?
Fort Sumter Battle
Way more __________ in North than South
Infrastructure
People
Workers
Manufacturing
Banks
Value of farmland
Railways (can help with communication/transportation)
What is the Union’s “Anaconda Plan”?
Blockade Southern Ports
Control Mississippi River (Split Confederacy)
Capture Richmond, VA (Confederate capital)
Confederacy’s plan in civil war:
Survive as a nation
Defend
Cautious opportunism
Where is Fort Sumter?
South Carolina
What is another name for the Battle of Bull Run?
First Battle of Manassas
What year did the Battle of Bull Run occur in?
1861
Which side won the Battle of Bull Run?
Confederacy
What happens when the Union Army blockades the South?
Union navy blockades south coastal borders
South relying on factories in the North, but North doesn’t want to trade with them
South also can’t trade with other countries
Lincoln replaces McDowell with McClellan who leads the…
union army
McClellan loses command from being general because…
He didn’t follow Lincoln’s orders
The Battle of the “Monitor” and the “Merrimac” was the first _______________ battle of the Civil War
ironclad warship
What year does McClellan lose power?
1862
Who is the leader of the Union Army during the Battle of Shiloh?
Ulysses S. Grant
Who attacks first in the Battle of Shiloh?
Confederates
What was a turning point in the Battle of Shiloh?
Federal troop were about to be fully defeated, until reinforcements came in, and the next morning the Union was back on their feet
How many union soldiers died in the Battle of Shiloh?
13,000 out of 63,000 (heavy casualties)
How many confederate soldiers died in the Battle of Shiloh?
11,000 out of 40,000 (heavy casualties)
Why was losing New Orleans (Battle of New Orleans) such a loss for the Confederate Army?
Union could control the Mississippi River, part of Anaconda plan.
General Lee is the general for the ________ army
Confederate
What happened with Harper’s Ferry?
McClellan did not manage to save Harper’s Ferry (West Virginia) and General Stonewell Jackson captured Harper’s Ferry
Stonewall Jackson
Confederate general
What was the Battle of Antietam?
A battle between the union and confederacy states in Maryland
“Bloodiest single- day battle ever”
Union won
When did the Battle of Antietam occur?
September - October 1862
Where was the Battle of Antietam?
Sharpsburg, Maryland, 10 miles from Middletown (very close to West Virginia)
What is similar about the Union and Confederate accounts of the Battle of Antietam?
The Union and the Confederate accounts both have graphic imagery in the primary sources. Brutal affair for both sides.
Where was the Battle of Fredericksburg?
Northern Virginia (really close to Washington D.C, union is worried since it’s really close to the White House)
McClellan replaced by ______
Burnside
Why was McClellan replaced by Burnside?
McClellan was criticized for not being able to take commands from Lincoln (Lincoln is having trouble finding a leader who he trusts).
Who won the Battle of Fredericksburg?
Confederates
When was the Emancipation Proclamation
Jan. 1st 1863
Lincoln only freed the slaves in certain states through the Emancipation Proclamation - which states were these?
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, Arkansas, and North Carolina
Which states were not free?
Border states and Northern States
Why did Abraham Lincoln enforce the emancipation proclamation act?
To get southern states to go back to the union
Economic purposes
Compromise
How did they “punish” Black men and women during the New York City Draft Riots?
Hanging on lamposts, mutiliations, etc.
What age was classified as eligible for someone to be put in the draft?
All males : 20-25
Unmarried men: 35-45
What is the new Union general after Burnside/1863?
General Hooker
How did the U.S. split the Union army in three parts? (Battle of Chancellorsville)
Concentrated army in North Virginia, some in Washington D.C., and the rest go to the south.
Who won the battle of Chancellorsville?
Confederates
Which general eventually became president later on?
Ulysses S. Grant
Union General Grant won many victories around ________ Mississippi
Vicksburg
What did the Battle of Vicksburg achieve?
Access to the Mississippi river (Part of Anaconda Plan)
What is the deadliest battle of the Civil War?
The Battle of Gettysburg
When did the Battle of Gettysburg occur?
June 1863
Which side won the Battle of Gettysburg?
The Union
What does the line “Four score and seven years ago” reference in the Gettysburg Address?
The Declaration of Independence
What was the Gettysburg Address for?
To honor the soldiers who died in the Battle of Gettysburg and to inspire the Union to continue fighting for the preservation of the United States.
Who is William T. Sherman?
Union general
What was the Union mission for the Atlanta Campaign that William T. Sherman led?
to destroy confederate infrastructure (railways, roads, canals)
Disrupt Confederate supply lines
Where was the Atlanta Campaign?
Went from the north to Georgia.
What is a war called when one side tries to destroy anything to make enemy surrender
“Total War”
In what year is Lincoln re-elected?
1864
1864 Election Map
Most states are red -→ voted for Lincoln (Republican)
Only 3 states blue -→ McClellan
Lincoln vs. McClellan
Election of 1864
April 1865
Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse
How did the Confederacy surrender on April 7/9th 1865?
General Lee’s troops were surrounded, Grant called upon Lee to surrender. The two commanders met up in the Appomattox Courthouse, and agreed on terms of surrender
Why did Booth want to assassinate Abraham Lincoln?
The Emancipation Proclamation
What factors led to Booth’s plan being successful?
Was an actor → familiar with how the theater layout was
Had a very well though out plan
When was the period of reconstruction
(1865-1877)
Who was the author of the 10 percent plan?
Lincoln
Who did Lincoln plan to pardon after the Civil War?
People that didn’t get a pardon were generals/their men and the higher ups in the Confederacy
Conditions of states that can be admitted by the Lincoln Plan
10% of that state’s voters pledged allegiance to the Union
States accepted the Emancipation Proclamation
Who was the author of the Presidential Reconstruction?
Andrew Johnson
Which plan was more lenient; Johnson’s or Lincoln’s?
Johnson’s
What are the conditions for Johnson’s plan?
Must uphold 13th Amendment
Swear loyalty to the Union
They must pay off their war debt
Who supported the Johnson plan?
White Southerners supported this plan
Who supported Abraham Lincoln’s plan?
Some confederate states
Who was the author of the Congressional Reconstruction?
Congress
Was the Congressional Reconstruction plan lenient?
NO, not lenient towards the states, punish them for causing civil war
Which plan helped the 14th and 15th amendment to be ratified
Congressional Reconstruction
Which group supported Congressional Reconstruction?
Radical and Moderate Republicans
What did the Freedmen’s Bureau do?
Assist reconstruction and help African Americans transition into freedom
What did the Freedman’s Bureau Act (1866)
This act integrated 4 million freed slaves
Johnson vetoed it but Congress overrode the veto
What is the 13th amendment?
Abolished slavery
What is the 14th amendment?
Grants citizenship to people of color
What is the 15th amendment?
The right to vote to people of color
When was the KKK formed?
1866
Where was the KKK formed?
Tenessee
Who were the two candidates for the election of 1876?
Tilden (Democrat) vs. Hayes (Republican)
Even though Tilden won popular vote, how did Hayes win the election overall?
Electoral votes (20)
What was after the election of 1876?
Compromise of 1877
What was the Compromise of 1877 for?
settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election
Who is Jim Crow?
racist character depiction of African Americans
What is Jim Crow’s “nickname”?
Three-headed monster
Jim Crow Laws (3 different types of laws)
Political disenfranchisement
Threat of lynching and mob violence
Racial segregation of public space
What is segregation that happens by fact not law?
De Facto Segregation
What is segregation that happens by law?
De Jure Segregation
“One drop rule”
The smallest percentage of African American heritage -→ classified as Black
Note
Flashcard