Honors Biology: Cellular Respiration Learning Targets

Photosynthesis

________ is the synthesis process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and sugar (food), that can be later released by cellular respiration to fuel the organisms activities.

Acetyl CoA

________ enters the Krebs cycle, citrate is produced, which is rearranged and citrate is oxidized, NAD+ is reduced into NADH and releases CO2, which occurs once more.

electron transport chain

The ________ occurs on the cristae, or the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

cytoplasm

The ________ serves as a medium for chemical reactions, such as glycolysis; it is a jelly- like substance between the nucleus and the cell membrane.

Phosphates

________ are then removed, producing 2 pyruvates.

Carbon dioxide

________ is produced in the Krebs cycle, water is produced in the electron transport chain, and the ATP can technically be produced in all three major processes, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Lactic acid

________ is a product of anaerobic respiration; muscles make acid so cells cant contract, causing pain.

Cytochromes

________ embedded in the inner membranes of the mitochondria transfer electrons step by step throughout the system; the last cytochrome is an enzyme that combines electrons and protons with oxygen, forming water.

Fats lipids

________ are metabolized by not going through glycolysis, but enzymes in the mitochondria break down the fatty acids into acetate, coenzyme A transfers acetate to the Krebs cycle, but they cant be fermented or go through anaerobic respiration, and most of the energy in fat can not be transferred to ATP.

Plants

________ perform both photosynthesis and cell respiration, while animals can only perform the latter.

Glucose

What is used in glycolysis, while the oxygen is used in the electron transport chain? Answer with a single words or term.

Glycolysis

________ occurs in the cytosol /cytoplasm, or the fluid of the cell.

Cellular respiration

What is a decomposition pathway that provides the energy cells need to function in the form of ATP? Answer with a single words or term.

inner membrane of a cell

The ________ is folded to form the cristae; the folds allow a much greater amount of enzymes of the electron transport chain and ATP Synthase to be packed into the mitochondria.

role of the mitochondria

The ________ is to serve as the powerhouse of the cell, or generate chemical energy needed to fuel the cells chemical reactions.

Photosynthesis

________ has two stages, the light reactions and the Calvin cycle, while cellular respiration has three stages, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain- chemiosmosis.

photosynthesis

Lastly, ________ produces the oxygen that cell respiration needs to make ATP, among water and carbon dioxide that ________ actually needs.