runestone academy ap csp unit 2

-executes a program as a fundamental part of its function -can be physical, non-physical software, or non-physical concepts

-step-by-step procedure that solves a problem

-each step must be precise, unambiguous & doable

-can be expressed using only sequence, selection, and repetition

-code statements/sequence of instructions that controls a computer -must be loaded into a computer's memory to run -CPU executes it one instruction at a time

programming language statements that control the flow of a computer program

collection of program statements

-series of one or more statements in a computer program

application of each step of an algorithm in the order the steps are given

process in which a question is asked, and depending on the answer, the program takes one of two courses of action

uses a Boolean condition to determine which 2 parts of an algorithm are used

used when a program needs to repeatedly process one or more instructions until some condition is met

repeating of an algorithm for a specified number of times until a condition is met

-data sent to a computer for processing by a program -can be tactile, audible, visual, or text

-data sent back by a program to a device -can be tactile, audible, visual, or text

computer application in which a user interacts with a program

actions performed by the user

parts of the user interface (i.e. buttons, labels)

-behavior of a program when it is executed -what the code carries out when running

-the problem a program is intending to solve -the interest the program is pursuing -the reason why the program is being written

-program activated by events like button clicks -events supply input data to a program, triggering blocks of code in a program that influence its behavior

block of code that reacts to an event

-software that provides tools for programming (i.e. UI design, code editing) -provides a way to interpret and run the program

-electronic and mechanical components that execute the instructions of a computer program

-computer programs or code that control the hardware

-serves as interface between an individual and their computer

selection or conditional algorithm in which a program is allowed to make decisions based on a condition

enables an app to ask questions & make decisions

-true/false condition -named after George Boole (1815-1864)

machine that processes information under control of a program

distinct information formatted uniquely (i.e. text on paper, bytes stored in electronic memory)

physical/virtual infrastructures used by enterprises to house computer, server, & networking systems, and components for IT (information technology) needs

telecommunication network in which computers are allowed to exchange data

-binary digit -smallest unit of data -1 or 0

group of 8 bits

group of two or more computers linked together

-social structure made of nodes (individuals or organizations)

• represents relationships & flows between people, groups, organizations, animals, computers, or other information/knowledge processing entities

-runs on many different platforms (i.e programs, apps) -includes smartphones and tablets

-contains a fixed program, only allowing it to run a single set program -Includes calculators, watches, a car’s anti-lock braking system

-programming language that is machine readable (1’s and 0’s) -closer to the machine hardware

-programming language that is readable by humans -blend of english and code

-hardware that processes the program’s instructions -carries out the instructions of a computer program

temporarily stores the computer’s programs and data while the power is on

permanently stores data even while the computer is off (i.e. disk drives, flash drives, CDs)

transfers information into the computer’s memory (i.e. touchscreen, mic)

transfers information out of the memory (i.e. touchscreen, speaker)

connects input/output devices

houses all of the computer’s main electronic components

-contains millions of electronic circuits -integrates billions of transistors and logic gates

number of transistors per sq. in. on ICs will roughly double every 2 years since its invention

software that translates human readable code (source code) into binary code

-process of translating an entire source into a single binary file -more efficient

-process of translating source code into machine language one instruction at a time

-easier to debug

collection of computer software in which hardware resources are managed & common services are provided to computer programs

program or group of programs designed for end users (i.e. Firefox, Excel, Angry Birds)

physical device used to store information for use in a computer or other digital electronic device (i.e. disk drive, flash drive)

randomly addressable & rewritable storage device

-An international public network of independent & autonomous computer networks -Governed by & uses Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to communicate -Connects millions of networks through electronic links, wireless links, and networking technologies -Includes inter-linked hypertext documents, applications of the WWW, infrastructure to support email, peer-to-peer networks for file-sharing and telephony

-Popular term for the Internet -Facebook, Google, Twitter are often referred to as cloud applications

suite of protocols that determine the behavior of the Internet

-System of rules that govern the behavior of a system -Internet Protocol is the main protocol that transfers information on networks

-Internet application that stores a collection of documents, images, and resources based on HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) -Accessed through a browser

rules that govern the WWW application

-inventor of the WWW -Felt the WWW brought the Internet to a higher level of abstraction

-program that displays web pages -used to navigate the WWW

-applications that run on a single network (i.e. email, file transfer, instant messaging, telephony) -governed by protocols

email

file transfer

instant messaging

telephony

-Standards openly available to the public -Not owned by any corporation -Allows devices, services, and applications to work together across a widespread network of networks -Created and managed through public processes by open international communities (i.e. International Engineering Task Force) -Key for the exponential growth of the Internet

develops and supervises open standards i.e. HTTP (www), SMTP (mail)

-general and simplified representation of something -formed by the inclusion of details necessary to make the abstraction useful -reduces complexity, making computer systems easier to use and understand

process of removing details and condensing information

generalizes access to a collection of data

-process of organizing and encapsulating algorithms in named procedures -can be implored by name

abstraction that represents a single thing (the number 5)

holds many values in a program/represents many things (symbol X)

-System that represents data in a computer system based on 1’s and 0’s (base-2) -Used to easily represent the difference between a switch being “on” or “off”/voltage being “high” or “low” in an electronic circuit

-the amount of distinct digits or symbols representing numbers in a numerical system

system that determines the value of a digit in a number based on its place

-Occurs when a computer attempts to handle a number outside of its defined range of numerical values

base-8 (0-7)

base-16 (0-9 and A-F)

list of email addresses or IP addresses for organizations that are known to be spammers.

list of email addresses or IP addresses for organizations that are known to be spam free

-property that is the result of creativity -includes patents, copyrights, and trademarks

-semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power -building block of electronic devices

-Digital circuit that has two-states, ON or OFF, to store a 1 or 0 -Fundamental unit of computer memory

tiny electronic circuit that performs a basic logic operation

-Circuit with 2 inputs and 1 output -Output is TRUE/ON when both inputs are TRUE/ON

-Circuit with 2 inputs and 1 output -Output is TRUE/ON when one or both inputs are TRUE/ON

-Circuit with 2 inputs and 1 output -Output is TRUE/ON when its outputs are FALSE/OFF and vice versa

non-physical terrain created by computer systems.