Studied by 9 peoplewhat is the goal of confucianism?
to have good moral character
filial piety
children show respect to elders and family; superior guides subordinate, teaching them virtues
five key relationships
ruler and subject
husband and wife
parent and child
elder brother and younger brother
friend and friend
what is the goal of daoism?
the universal force “Dao” guides all things
wu wei
non-doing or ‘doing nothing’
yin-yang
yin: all that’s cold, dark, soft and mysterious
yang: warm, bright, hard and clear
Shi Huangdi
first emperor; halted internal battles of China, wanted to unify china; split China into 36 districts
autocracy
government that has unlimited power
legalism
rewards for doing jobs; harsh punishment
dynasty
ruling family; passed down from generation to generation
dynastic cycle
the rise, fall and replacement of dynastic families
mandate of heaven
power of the dynasty comes from God
silk road
network of routes China used to trade with many other civilizations- most valuable item was silk
bureaucracy
system of appointing officials to rule
samsara
the cycle of life, death, and reincarnation
karma
sanskrit work for action
moksha
sanskrit word for release; liberation from samsara; ultimate goal of hinduism
vedas
holiest, oldest, and most sacred texts of hinduism
bhagavad gita
epic tale that tells the creation of the universe
caste system
social hiearchy
four different castes
brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, shudras
who are the untouchables?
not considered a class; does the dirty work
brahma
main god the Hindus worshipped; believed to created the universe
shiva
god that destroys the universe; source of good and evil
vishnu
the god that helps preserve the universe and people; believed to save followers by appearing through avatars
what are the goals of buddhism?
to achieve enlightenment and be free from samsara
four sights
old age, sickness and disease, death, a mendicant
mendicant
a holy man
middle path
path to enlightenment is not one of asceticism or hedonism
asceticism
a life based denying your physical needs to grow spiritual needs
hedonism
a life based on pleasure and avoiding pain
four noble truths
all life is suffering (dukkha); the origin of suffering is desire; there can be an end to suffering; the path to end suffering is the 8 fold path
tahna
craving the desire to want something
Siddhartha Gautama
6th cent. BC; first buddha; went from a life of hedonism to asceticism
how was china unified?
built highway networks; set same laws, writing, currency and measurements; created irrigation projects
warring state period
ending of the Zhou dynasty; inspired Confucius to live a harmonious society
what did the han dynasty do (3rd cent ad)?
decreased punishment and lowered taxes
what harsh things did the qin dynasty do (3rd cent. bc)?
increased taxes, forced peasants to labor, jailed anyone who disagreed with them
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