Final Biology Exam Spring

manipulated (stands alone)

responding

theory based on limited evidence

state of steady internal, physical, chemical, and social conditions maintained by living systems

When the concentration of molecules on either side of the membrane are equal

Response to a stimulus to enhance or stop it

Outside influence on an organism or something that can trigger physical or behavioral change

physiological mechanism to an outside stimulus

feedback loop that enhances the stimulus

feedback loops that stops the stimulus

cell—>tissue—>organ—>organ system—>organism

process of DNA being copied (occurs during synthesis)

DNA—>RNA

RNA—>protein

Using a gene to make a protein

cells uncontrollably dividing

Protein that can inhibit CDK (Cyclin-dependent kinases) activity in G1 or G2 (plays a key role in controlling cell division and cell death)

Change in sequences of bases in DNA

Section of DNA that codes for protein

What the gene actually says (different variations/genetic sequence)

change in DNA base pairing that can cause damage to protein structure and functions. Cell cycle checkpoints avoid such damage

Single stranded, contains, ribose, uracil instead of thymine

An organic compound made up of small molecules (amino acids)

Repeating series of event that includes growth, DNA synthesis, and cell division (G1→synthesis→G2→mitosis)

Cell growth and normal functions

DNA is copied

Chromosomes divide (PMAT)

G1, synthesis, G2

A process that produces haploid gametes

Protein signal the cell to either start or delay the next phase of the cycle

the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.

The variation is due to independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis and random union of gametes during fertilization.

Exchange of genetic materials between non-sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes

Cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the cell

The ability to survive and reproduce

an inherited characteristic that increases organism fitness

The process by which random evolutionary changes are selected for/by nature in a consistent, orderly, non-random way

Gradual change in species overtime

Actual appearance resulting from the expression from the genes

Process by humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits

the range of different inherited traits within a species

When selective pressure push for natural selection among membrane of a species

Populations of a species experience new environmental conditions in which they must survive (new habitat)

Populations of a species must be reproductively isolated from each other in order to evolve into separate species

Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals or populations

group of organisms living in the same geographical area at the same time