What are the legs of a traffic pattern?
departure leg
Crosswind leg
Downwind leg
Base leg
Final leg
what is the equation for pressure altitude?
PA = (29.92 - CA)1000 + FE
How do you fing CA(current altimiter)?
It is accessed through the atis
What is the Pressure Altitude used for?
PA is used for finding Density altitude
What is Standard Lapse Rate?
-2 degrees per 1000 ft
Vr
60(rotation speed)
Vy
76(best rate of climb)
Vx
64(best angle of climb)
Va
89-113(maneuvering speed)
Vs
55(clean stall)
Vso
49(dirty stall)
Vfe
102(max speed with flaps extended)
Vno
125(normal operating speed)
Vne
154(never exceed speed)
Vcross
17(max crosswind)
Vglide
76(best glide speed)
what are the four fundemntal forces of flight
Lift, weight, drag, thrust
what is the contesting force to weight?
Lift
what is the contesting force for drag?
Thrust
what is angle of attack
the chord line in relation to the relative wind
What is Dihedral
The angle of the wings
What is the purpose of dihedral
To improve stability
What are the two ways the plane can produce lift?
Bernoulli’s principle
newtons 3rd Law
What is bernoulli’s principle?
Because of the airfoil shape, there is less pressure on the top of the wing than on the bottom therefore, the plane goes up(lift).
How does Newtons 3rd law allow for flight?
Because the air molecules are being pushed down, the wing must be pushed up.
what are the two types of drag
Parasitic and induced
What is induced drag
drag that is crated by the production of lift and disruption of air; causes wingtip vortices
What is parasitic Drag
drag created by the product of airflow over the plane
Where does best glide slope come from
LD Max/least amount of total drag
Which drag increases as speed increases
Parasitic
Which drag increases as speed decreases
induced
What is ground effect
When the wingtip vertices are intercepted by the the ground
What is wake turbulence
rough air that is created by wingtip vertices
What are ways to avoid wake turbulence
Fly over the Wingtip vertices using Vx
what are the three left turning tendencies
P-Factor, Torque Effect, and Spiraling Slipstream.
What is tourque effect?
because of the props spinning direction, the plane wants to yaw left
What is spiraling slipstream
When the air created from the prop twists around and hits the rudder causing the plane to want to yaw left
What is P factor
based on the AoA, some parts of the prop will grab more air than others, causing the plane to want to yaw left
how do you counteract the left turning tendencies
RIGHT RUDDER
where is the field elevation on a airport diagram
below the name
What is the equation for density altitude?
120(OAT-ISA) + PA
What is density altitude used for
It is used to see how the aircraft will preform
What is N6919J’s empty weight
1500 lbs
What is N6919J’s CG/arm
86.25
What is N6919J’s moment?
129377.7