Geography final exam study guide (units 1-4 vocab)

the study of the earth and the ways people live and work on it

Physical Attributes (land forms, water, rocks, animals, etc.)

People, population, settlements, economic activities, transportation, religion

Mathematical, Adress, coordinate.

where something is in relation to at least 3 other locations.

Examination of the human elements of an area: language customs, population, government type, culture, etc.

Describes the land forms, vegetation, types of wild life, climate of the location, etc.

Changes that the human population has made to or for themselves to better fir in the environment in which they live.

Changes the human population has made to the environment in which they live to better suit human habitation.

Elements in the environment that humans depend upon or need to survive.

the “permanent” movement of people from one location to another.

imports and exports, moving locally or globally.

movement of styles, processes, and methods.

An area within which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics. EX: Language, economic activities, environmental properties, government structures.

an area organized around a node or focal point. is defined by the area serving a specific function. EX: cell phone coverage area.

is a place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity. EX: "The north”

Names of locations that have reference to the site features of that location

Items that are traded into a location.

items that are traded out of a location.

The origin of the studied characteristic.

Major areas that see the diffusion patterns first.

the relationship between culture and the environment, dealing with human adaptations to various environments.

computer systems that store geographical data.

a system that determines the precise position of something on earth through the use of satellites.

gaining of data by scanning the earths surface from satellites orbiting the earth (pictures)

an intensive analysis of an individual unit ( person, group or event) stressing developmental factors in relation to context.

An abstract representation of reality created to simplify complex systems

the science of mapmaking.

a half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and southern halves by the equator

measures the position north or south of the equator

measures the position east or west of the Prime Meridian.

Surround the circumference of the entire earth.

interrupts the oceans and tucks Australia and New Zealand father west than in reality.

Stretches the poles from one length to the size of the equator

represents areas correctly, but distorts shape

Frequently used and distorts size and shape but not too much.

connects points of equal value

puts features into classes and then maps classes for each region.

adjusts the size of the country: corresponds to the magnitude of the mapped feature.

size of the symbol corresponds to the magnitude of the mapped feature.

each dot represents some frequency

The people, not the environment are the architects of their own cultures or behavior. (adjusting to the environment using technology)

The physical environment is the dominant force in shaping cultures or human behavior.

The arrangement of features within space

the frequency with which something is distributed in space.

the total number of objects in a given space such as: people/square mile. High population of a state or area doesnt necessarily mean high density.

the number of people per unit of arable land (farmland/cropland.)

How characteristics are spread across a space or from one place to another over time.

completely halt diffusion

Allowing part of the innovation wave to diffuse, but acting to weaken and slow the continued spread.

the further away one group is from another the less likely the 2 groups are to interact.

the likelihood of diffusion depends upon the connectedness among places.

Ideas leapfrog from one node to another, temporarily bypassing some. Spreads from authority. EX: military

Spreads in a wavelike pattern, like a disease.

A specific trait is rejected, but the idea is accepted.

Occurs when individuals migrate to a new location varying new ideas or practices with them.

The scientific study of population characteristics is known as demography.

an official count of the population by a government every ten years to gather data.

number of live births per thousand population.

Number of deaths per thousand people.

Measures the % by which a population grows or declines in a given year. The term natural means that the rates exclude migration

The average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime.

Is the annual number of deaths of infants under age one, compared with total live birth (CBR).

Is the average # of years a newborn infant can expect to live if current mortality rates (CDR and IMR) were to continue for the rest of their lives.

the # of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the # of people in their productive years.

Graphic device (graphic model) that shows sex and age distribution of a population.

Geographic model that displays 3 key population demographics (CBR, CDR, NIR/RNI). The demographic transition consists of 4 stages, which move from high CBR and CDR, to declines first in CDR then CBR and finally to a stage of low CBR and CDR.

Is the portion of the earth with permanent human settlement, has expanded to cover most of the world’s land area.

Is the number of people per total land area.

Is the number of people per arable land area. (farm Stuff)

Is the land's ability to support a population

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

When a population has exceeded the carrying capacity of an area.

when birth rates fall lower than the mortality rates.

A type of diffusion (relocation) where an individual or group makes a permanent move to a new location.is a form of mobility which is a more general term covering all types of movements from one place to another.

factors that cause people to leave their homeland and migrate to another region.War, persecution, political, environmental

Pull: factors that pull or attract people to another locationGood economic opportunities, high salaries, favorable climate

is a migration to a location.

the movement of people within a country

Refugees who have moved from their original state (country) of origin.

is a migration from a location.

If the # of immigrants exceeds the # of emigrants, the net migration is positive

If the # of immigrants is lower than the # of emigrants, the net migration is negative

The migration of individuals who are highly skilled/educated from less developed regions to more developed regions.

Are people who have been forced to migrate from their homes and cannot return due to safety or fear of persecution.

Refugees who are still located in their state of origin.

The migrant makes the decision to move.*Most migration is voluntary.

immigrants from a particular area follow others from that area to a particular destination

A type of temporary migration.Known as “Guest Workers”Associated with agricultural work.

Forced international migration has historically occurred for 2 main reasons: slavery and political instability.

• anyone residing in any given country without legal documentation.

independent unit that occupies a territory and has full control

has full control of if internal and external conflicts ( total control of country.

Piece of land

group of people with common culture living in a territory and having sense of unity.

Nation and state occupying the same area

Group without territory

Politically controlled area with sovereignty but has no single dominant ethnic group .

A nation governed by more than one state.

a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign sate rather than being independent.