Historical & Contemporary illustration Final

shallowly carved narrative sculpture

the importance of subjects is based on their size and/or position

stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide. Commemorative.

admiration for/imitation of the ideas, style or culture of classical Greek Civilization

rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and interlacing lines in Islamic art: repetition shows the infinte nature of God

-triangular, stable compositions

• first oil paintings and mathematical perspective

• often comissioned by the church

Man is not so special -comparitive anatomy (man's anatomy is very similar to animals)

• earth moves around the sun

• isaac newton, laws of physics, & gravity

dark and scary. Reflects relgious tensions at the time. Catholic church in rome trying to reassert dominance after Protestant Reformation (Spanish Inquisition is happening)

cultural center is now France. Frivolous, fanciful, decorative, focus on leisure of aristocrats. Reaction to relgious agenda of baroque

reason and order valued above all else. Classical antiquity is seen as the height of civilization

Reaction to the frivolity of Rococo, aligned with the values of Enlightenment. -moral stories demonstrated the ethical "superiority" of antiquity -partly stimulated by the discovery of Roman ruins at Herculaneum and Pompeii

a chart, diagram, or geometric pattern that represents the universe

power, imagination, disregard for anatomy. Design > Realism

a sign or character representing a word or phrase, used in Mesoamerican art

an illuminated manuscript page covered entirely in decoration

islamic art that did not forbid the human figure

Developed in 1440, dramatically sped up reproduction time for books; beginning of the end of Illuminated Manuscripts

main illustration technique for 500 years

Began in 1850 beginning of life is based on commerce, mass production, and materialism instead of spiritual & natural beauty

Romanticism Realism Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Arts & crafts movement

1850

japanese woodblock prints, with flat, graphic depictions, open space, planar perspective, and high horizons, spread around the west -western cultural influence spreads through Japan

reaction to the industrial revolution; a longing for the days of antiquity. Mythological and legendary subject matter with particular regard for the hero and heroine: same time period as Neoclassical art, but very different stories and focus

-dismissing the requirements of "fine" art that dominated since Raphael (Renaissance) -natural detail, every single leaf on a plant; photographic reference -full picture plane -Love Ophelia, tragic Romantic Stories

believed that hand crafted objects were superior to those made by machine and that rural craftsman had a superior lifestyle to those who slaved in the urban mills and factories. Handmade > Mass-produced

Lithographic Print producing company that chronicled life in teh 19th century

During Victorian Times, the decreasing cost of publishing and the increased capacity for travel via the invention fo tracks, engines, and the corresponding railway distribution created both a market for cheap popular literature, and the ability for it to be circulated on a large scale

documentation and political cartoons founded American published artworks

gave newspapers autonomy. Fewer socioeconomic barriers to publication

New printing technology dramatically sped up the printing process = increased newspaper circulation. Cheap, interesting literature = increased literacy = larger market

Engraver's Copyright Act. 1735. The first copyright law to deal with visual works as well as the first to recognize the authorial rights of an individual artist

Civil War artists who mailed their work to publicatoins via special delivery. Worked for the two major newspapers: Harper's and Leslie's

late 1800s; cheap popular serial horror stories. Precursor to pulp fiction

developed 3 stone lithographic process for poster printing in the 1880s could print every color in the rainbow, and ushered the modern age of advertising by LARGE posters

allowed illustration to be directly reproduced in print -Killed engraving and Opened the way for individual illustration styles

Art of ornament. APPLIED ART. -Organic lines, natural detail, almost no right angles, aoften vertical format -Coincides with the beginning of illustration in advertising and advent of posters

strong female character created by Charles Dana Gibson -set the bar for style in 1900. "Battle of Sexes" theme.

Father of american illustration. Founded the Brandywine School. -historical accuracy -illustrating "between the lines" -becoming fully immersed in the story

artists colony and also a school of thought, adhering to the teachigns of Howard Pyle. This was the first dedicated school of illustration.

Jessie Wilcox Smith, Violet Oakley, Elizabeth Shippen Green. -All students of Howard Pyle, and all successful female illustrators

Depicts the subject from multiple viewpoints. Cubism inspired diverse art movements

Emotional experience > physical reality. Reaction to Impressionism: Artist's expression of the world, instead of the world's impression on the artist

Father of Modern Advertising -Italian caricturist who begain designing posters near the end of Art Nouveau in 1901

• Created one simple image to immediatley capture the viewer's attention: Brand Identity

Created the Arrow Collar man -Gibson Girl's counterpart = New England collegiate guy

Invented Kewpies -first mass produced toy. Millionare

1. Good Housekeeping

2. Better homes and Gardens

3. Vogue

4. McCalls

5. Scribner's

6. Harper's Magazine

7. Ladies' Home Journal

8. Collier's

9. Cosmopolitan

10. Saturday Evening Post

the biggest advertising campaign to date: -raising money (liberty bonds) -recruiting soldiers -boosting volunteer efforts -spurring production -provoking outrage at enemy

tomb discovered, almost intact, 1922. Renews world interest in Ancient Egpyt. -Motifs from Egyptian art show up in Art Deco

geometric shapes, clear and precise lines, and strong structure -Power and speed = primary themes

School of American Realism, led by Robert Henri. Art reflects the artist's own time and experience. Art = akin to journalism

aesthetic is set by theme (not artistic style) Theme = WWII

Norman Rockwell, he cretaed the four freedoms as a fundraise and was inspired by an FDR speech

Best illustration pool in the 1950s, 40 artists on staff, many artists with the same style workign under one roof -Theme: Gibson's battle of the sexes, relatinoship between men and women

• Convention: woman's skin in lighter, female featured, male secondary/obscured -All gouache or acrylic = water mediums = faster, easier to make editorial changes

3- year, correspondence art course taught by the industry's best. SOI invention, but not affliated due to tax status

Visual development for Disney; influenced by South American indigenous decoration

-Illustrators became "visual journalists" (different from Ashcan School)

• assignments all over the world to draw upon and interpret firsthand experiences

• Robert Weaver: sketches are notes. I make the drawings without colors, and later I simply bathe the picture in what I remember to be proper light

Enter photography. Exit, Illustrations as we know it

Milton Glaser and Seymore Chwast

-Design and illustration should not be limited to prevailing sentimental realism (Rockwellian)

• worked in expressionistic ways to counter photography

• Guiding reference in graphic design: book jackets, album covers, etc.

1967 San Francisco = meant to exclude outsiders. Lasted only a year -Illegible typefaces, vibrating colros, vintage illustrations, public domain images

Untrained artists are called Folk artists -childlike, very powerful graphic impact Highlights contrasts: -illustration vs photgraphy -hand vs computer

artists looked beyond reality to impart more, not less, truth

-NYT Op-Ed page was the original high profile outlet -could be used to sell any product, depict any idea -has remained popular since 1960s

illustrate the essence of underluing concept rather than specific passages

convicingly blend fantasy and reality

FedEx connects illustrators to publishers across the continent

Photoshop & Internet; everything has a market

Social Media connects artists directly to their market

Improvement vs. Imagination

a short story, usually with animals as characters, conveying a moral

Japanese woodblock process to publish children's books in color: Toy Books

Passed down through oral tradition

Charles Perrault: Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Red Riding hood, Blue Beard, Puss in boots Hans Christian Anderson: The Snow Queen, The Little mermaid, The princess and the pea, Thumbelina, the little matchgirl The Brothers Grimm

The frontispiece of Perrault's original edition pictured an old woman telling stories to a group of children. French saying: Old Woman = Mother Goose

the Late 1800s

illustrations were at least as important as text; artists are recognized

-Alice's Adventure's in Wonderland -Little Women -Treasure Island -Adventures of Huckleberry Finn -Jungle Book -The Secret Garden _Tom Sawyer -Peter Pan

around 1900, the assimliation of immagrants

Inexpensive high quality illustrted books = tremendous growth in children's publishing

illustrations printed on glossy paper and glued to blank pages -Edmund Dulac -Kay Neilsen -Arthur Rackham -Maxfield Parrish -N.C. Wyeth

early 1900s -small cozy books designed so that very young children could comfortably hold them

• Tale of Peter Rabbit was first privatley published by the author

Cold War: the U.S. competition with the Soviet Union = suddenly,c ountry was afraid that the U.S> was falling behind and that education was to blame -began the effor tot make early readers that children might actually enjoy

Children's market is comparable to adult literature in its range and diversity of genres