AP English Language and Composition

Summer Assignment Overview

1. Allusion- A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.
   literarydevices.net/allusion/

2. Analogy- A technique where two completely unrelated things are compared.
   https://literaryterms.net/analogy/

3. Anaphora- The repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or verses especially for rhetorical or poetic effect.
   www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anaphora.

4. Epistrophe- A stylistic device that can be defined as the repetition of phrases or words at the end of successive clauses or sentences.
   literarydevices.net/epistrophe/.

5. Antithesis- Antithesis, which literally means “opposite,” is a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect.
   literarydevices.net/antithesis/.

6. Aphorism- A statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner. The term is often applied to philosophical, moral and literary principles.
   https://literarydevices.net/aphorism/.

7. Archaism- A figure of speech in which a phrase or word is considered very old fashioned in the context of the work of literature in which it is used.
   literarydevices.net/archaism/.

8. Archetype- A universal idea, symbol, or type of character that appears in many works of literature in many different cultures and time periods.
   https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_A.html

9. Asyndeton- Eliminating one or more conjunctions that would normally appear in a series of words or phrases.
   https://literaryterms.net

10. Polysyndeton- Repetition of the same conjunction between items in a series where conjunctions normally would be used.
    https://literaryterms.net

11. Cataloguing- A long list for poetic or rhetorical effect. It is commonly used in epic literature where the poet would create long lists of names.
    https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_C.html

12. Caricature- A device used in descriptive writing and visual arts in which particular aspects of a subject are exaggerated to create a silly or comic effect.
    https://literarydevices.net/caricature/.

13. Chiasmus- A rhetorical device in which two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect.
    https://literarydevices.net/chiasmus/.

14. Connotation- A meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly. Words carry cultural and emotional associations or meanings, in addition to their literal meanings or denotations.
    literarydevices.net/connotation/

15. Colloquialism- The usage of informal or everyday language in literature. Colloquialisms are generally geographic in nature, in that a colloquial expression often belongs to a regional or local dialect.
    https://www.literarydevices.com/colloquialism/

16. Euphemism- The term euphemism refers to polite, indirect expressions that replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant.
    https://literarydevices.net/euphemism/.

17. Hyperbole- An exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.
    https://literarydevices.net/hyperbole/.

18. Jargon- Words and phrases used by particular groups of people, especially in their work, that are not generally understood.
    Literarydevices.net

19. Juxtaposition- The placement of two or more things side by side with the intent of bringing out their differences.
    https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_J.html

20. Neologism- A newly coined word or term which has emerged into everyday use that can be a completely new word, a new combination of existing words, or a new meaning for an existing word.
    https://www.literarydevices.com

21. Parallelism- The use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar.
    literarydevices.net/

22. Loose Sentence- A typically long sentence in which the main clause comes first and subordinate modifiers or trailing elements follow.
    https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/loose%20sentence

23. Periodic Sentence- A sentence which has been deliberately structured to place the main point at the end.
    www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/periodic_sentence.htm

24. Metonymy- A figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated.
    https://literarydevices.net/metonymy/.

25. Synecdoche- A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that refers to a part of something is substituted to stand in for the whole, or vice versa.
    http://www.literarydevices.com/synecdoche/.

26. Exigence- In rhetoric, exigence is an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak. The term exigence comes from the Latin word for "demand." https://www.thoughtco.com/exigence-rhetoric-term-1690688.