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NURS 5031 Study Guide: Cancer
NURS 5031 Study Guide: Cancer
Cancer:
- Identify emergency complications of cancer and cancer treatment
- 3 types of cancer complications:
- 1) Obstructive
- Tumor obstruction of an organ or blood vessel
- Examples include:
- Superior vena cava syndrome (blood in vena cava slows down due to tumor obstruction), spinal cord compression syndrome, third space syndrome
- 2) Metabolic
- Production of ectopic hormones from the tumor or are secondary to metabolic alterations
- Examples include:
- SIADH, hypercalcemia, TLS, septic shock, and DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
- 3) Infiltrative
- Malignant tumors infiltrate major organs or secondary to cancer therapy
- Examples:
- Cardiac tamponade
- Carotid artery rupture
- Understand the nurses role in providing and prioritizing care the care of patients undergoing cancer treatment
- Generalized Nursing Interventions to manage side effects
- Education
- About the treatment regimen
- Supportive care options (antiemetics, antidiarrheals etc)
- What to expect during treatment
- Interventions
- Utilize interventions to counter the negative effects of cancer treatment
- Prevention and Detection
- Patient education on how to reduce risks, screen for cancer early, self-exams, and the 7 warning signs of cancer
- 7 Warning Signs of cancer (Mnemonic: CAUTION)
- C: Change in bowel or bladder habits
- A: A sore that doesn’t heal
- U: Unusual bleeding or discharge
- T: Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
- I: Indigestion or dysphagia
- O: Obvious change in wart or mole
- N: Nagging cough or hoarseness
- Malnutrition and Dysgeusia
- Malnutrition: Provide nutrition education and consult with dietitian if 5% weight loss noted
- Altered taste: Avoid disliked foods, change spices to mask changes
- Fatigue
- Encourage conservation of energy
- Maintain nutrition
- Assess for reversible causes of fatigue
- Pain Mgmt
- Treat & Assess!
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Infection
- Monitor, educate, and treat with antibiotics
- Hemorrhage
- No IM injections
- Transfusions & growth factors if needed
- Monitor for bleeding (including hypotension and anemia)
- Myelosuppression is the most common side effect of chemo
- GI Side-effects
- I/Os, prophylactic antiemetics and antidiarrheals
- Nutrition education, dietitian consult, monitor weight loss
- Vomiting is common within 1 hr of chemo, or a few hours after radiation
- Skin reactions
- Wound consults
- Educations about signs of infection
- Emotional support for skin and hair changes
- Cognitive effects
- Educate about “chemo” brain (brain fog lasting for months or years after treatment)
- Memory games and limited distractions to reduce memory loss
- Reproductive effects
- Inform patient about expected sexual side effects
- Encourage discussion and refer to counseling if needed
NURS 5031 Study Guide: Cancer
NURS 5031 Study Guide: Cancer
Cancer:
- Identify emergency complications of cancer and cancer treatment
- 3 types of cancer complications:
- 1) Obstructive
- Tumor obstruction of an organ or blood vessel
- Examples include:
- Superior vena cava syndrome (blood in vena cava slows down due to tumor obstruction), spinal cord compression syndrome, third space syndrome
- 2) Metabolic
- Production of ectopic hormones from the tumor or are secondary to metabolic alterations
- Examples include:
- SIADH, hypercalcemia, TLS, septic shock, and DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
- 3) Infiltrative
- Malignant tumors infiltrate major organs or secondary to cancer therapy
- Examples:
- Cardiac tamponade
- Carotid artery rupture
- Understand the nurses role in providing and prioritizing care the care of patients undergoing cancer treatment
- Generalized Nursing Interventions to manage side effects
- Education
- About the treatment regimen
- Supportive care options (antiemetics, antidiarrheals etc)
- What to expect during treatment
- Interventions
- Utilize interventions to counter the negative effects of cancer treatment
- Prevention and Detection
- Patient education on how to reduce risks, screen for cancer early, self-exams, and the 7 warning signs of cancer
- 7 Warning Signs of cancer (Mnemonic: CAUTION)
- C: Change in bowel or bladder habits
- A: A sore that doesn’t heal
- U: Unusual bleeding or discharge
- T: Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
- I: Indigestion or dysphagia
- O: Obvious change in wart or mole
- N: Nagging cough or hoarseness
- Malnutrition and Dysgeusia
- Malnutrition: Provide nutrition education and consult with dietitian if 5% weight loss noted
- Altered taste: Avoid disliked foods, change spices to mask changes
- Fatigue
- Encourage conservation of energy
- Maintain nutrition
- Assess for reversible causes of fatigue
- Pain Mgmt
- Treat & Assess!
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Infection
- Monitor, educate, and treat with antibiotics
- Hemorrhage
- No IM injections
- Transfusions & growth factors if needed
- Monitor for bleeding (including hypotension and anemia)
- Myelosuppression is the most common side effect of chemo
- GI Side-effects
- I/Os, prophylactic antiemetics and antidiarrheals
- Nutrition education, dietitian consult, monitor weight loss
- Vomiting is common within 1 hr of chemo, or a few hours after radiation
- Skin reactions
- Wound consults
- Educations about signs of infection
- Emotional support for skin and hair changes
- Cognitive effects
- Educate about “chemo” brain (brain fog lasting for months or years after treatment)
- Memory games and limited distractions to reduce memory loss
- Reproductive effects
- Inform patient about expected sexual side effects
- Encourage discussion and refer to counseling if needed