9.2-Technological Advancements and Limitations-Disease Spread of disease -persistent scourge 1. Poverty 2. Epidemics 3. Living longer lives Poverty - Poor housing conditions, contaminated water, limited access to healthcare - Malaria-tropical environments - Africa, no vaccine - Tuberculosis-airborne - Living in close quarters = fast spreading - Cholera-contaminated water Epidemics - Globalization = spread of diseases - Spanish Flu of 1918 - Soldiers after World War I - HIV/AIDS - HIV = virus - AID-depresses immune system - Exchange of bodily fluids - Ebola - Congo, West Africa - Coronavirus or COVID-19 - spread by and travel routes Longer Lives - Alzehimer’s-form of dementia - Memory loss, undermines bodily functions - Heart disease - Commonly caused by poor diets 9.3-Debates About The Environment Deforestation-need for food = more land for agriculture Desertification-fertile land becomes like a desert Decline in air quality = industrial byproducts - Great Smog Freshwater supply Global temperature Causes - Globalization and industrialization - More energy resources in demand - Standard of living rose for some-new middle class = more demand for industrial goods - Urbanization - Population increase = more to feed - Living in cities = more waste than rural - City citizens = unaware of what it takes to grow food Effects - Increase competition for non-renewable resources - Oil - Freshwater-only 3% of water in the world is usable - Climate Change - Factories, automboles, etc. release pollutants into the air - CO2 - Kyoto Protocol-reduce carbon emissions for developed countries - Paris Agreement-no more than a 2% increase in global temperature 9.4-Economics in the Global Age Free market economics - Mikhail Gorbachev-limited free market - Perestroika - Soviet Bloc dropped communism - Non-Alignment-adopted free market - Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher-encourage growth of free markets - Augosto Pinochet-lead the Chilean economy away from state-control - Chicago Boys - Pinochet promoted policies with brutality - Deng Xiaoping-relaxed communism, some private ownership - Citizens longed for other basic freedoms - Tiananmen Square Knowledge Economies - New communication technologies - Depends on quality and quantity of information available, which can then can be monetized as a commodity - Finland-invested in communication technology and education - Japan-education, economic policies resembled mercantilist policies including exports over imports - Labor unions to protest low wages - Banking, finance, information technology - Decrease in manufacturing Production and Manufacturing - Bangladesh, Vietnam - Cheaper manufacturing in Asia because of lower wages - Occasional strikes Transnational Free Trade Organizations - Agreement to eliminate barriers of exchange - Regional = NAFTA - US, Canada, and México-México would produce goods and export them tariff-free - Regional-ASEAN - Indonesia, Singapore, etc. - Integration and growth - Global-WTO - Reduce barriers and trade in the from of tariffs and quotas Multinational Corporations - entity which is incorporated in one country but manufactures and sells in others -Knowledge workers in home country, manufacturer in others, sell on a global market - Nestle, Mahindra and Mahindra 9.5-Calls for Reform and Responses Global dialogue - Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the UN - Protect citizens of the global community that were restricted under repressive policies - UNICEF-feed children still hungry after WWII - World Conference on Women-steps for advancement of women - Convention of the Elimination on All Forms of Discrimination Against Women-bill of rights -Women’s suffrage, marry spouse of choosing, equality in education, right to birth control -Culture-Negritude in West Africa - Glorified African culture - Religion-Liberation Theology - Jesus is one the side of the poor, against the rich and powerful - Racial equality - South Africa-apartheid - White privileges and discrimination - Nelson Mandela-African National Congress - Peaceful protests met with brutality - First free election-Mandela - India-caste system - Abuse of those in lower castes - Dalit discrimination-constitutionally banned - Caste Reservation System-reserved a certain amount of jobs and education for the dalit and other castes - China-CCP - Economic reforms did not meet social reforms - Tiananmen Square in Beijing-pro-democracy protest - Military attack - Government tries to erase event - Uyghurs - Forcibly removed from homes and sent to concentration camps (re-education) Environmental degradation of poorer nations - World manufacturing relocated there - More pollution, no clean air or water - Green Peace-advocate for clean environment and oppose practices that cause pollution, deforestation, etc. - Wangari Maathai-Green Belt in Kenya - Plant trees, collect rainwater, plant trees - World Free Trade Organization-free and fair trade, good working conditions, non-discrimination, respect environment 9.6-Globalized Culture Global competition ----> cooperative efforts - Political changes - UN, EU, WTO Social changes - Human rights movements - Picasso-Cubism - Harlem Renaissance-black southerners migrated, jazz music - Radio, movies, television, internet + New transportation technologies - Reggae-Mento + Jazz - Bob Marley - K-Pop - Hollywood and Bollywood - Americans movies have international influence-Americanization - Mumbai-cultural influence - Social Media-Facebook, Twitter, WeChat - Sports-Olympics, World Cup - Consumerism-Nike, Coca-Cola, Apple, etc. - Amazon, Alibaba 9.7-Resistance to Globalization North benefitted the most in terms of prosperity and cultural influence South demands for correctives Battle for Seattle - WTO plan for global commerce and free trade - Protestors show up to challenge the idea that free trade was the highest value World Social Forum-anti-globalization, more equitable world and protest against International Monetary Fund/World Bank - Tries to foster global monetary cooperation, reduce global poverty - Claimed that they favored richer countries - Threat to national sovereignty - Brexit - Human Rights Abuses - Social Media-China - Weibo 9.8-Institutions Developing in a Globalized World International organizations - UN, World Bank, IMF - United Nations-create an international body where nations can hammer out problems - Discussion, negotiation - Means of Security Council-member nation violates = military force to keep the peace - Rwandan Genoice = peacekeepers could not stop the genocide - International Court of Justice - International cooperation-Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Economic and Social Council-directs humanitarian or economic projects such as refugees -World Food Program-feed hungry people and respond to emergencies such as war or natural disasters - Nongovernmental organizations - International Peace Bureau-reduce military spending - International Committee of the Red Cross