Close inspection of the chromatograms revealed the presence of amino acids and keto acids produced by the transamination processes. Because they were present in the amino acid chromatogram, the amino acids alanine, glutamate, and aspartate were recognized as chromatogram standards.

A spot at 10.3 cm on the Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase Forward Reaction (GPTf) chromatogram matched up with alanine, an amino acid, and another at 10.2 cm matched up with glutamate, an amino acid.

The Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase Forward Reaction (GOTf), which also has two spots at 9.8 cm and 12 cm, is thought to contain alanine and glutamate since their values are comparable to GPTf.

The Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase reverse reaction (GPTr) sample had one 6.0 cm spot that might have included Alpha-ketoglutamate, however, the Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase reverse reaction (GOTr) sample had two 7.5 cm and 13.4 cm spots.

The spots are most likely related to the Alpha-ketoglutarate at 7.5 cm and the oxaloacetate at 10.5 cm, although the Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase reverse reaction (GPTr) may only have one spot since it is not soluble enough to migrate along with the chromatogram with a longer distance.

This mistake might also explain why the oxaloacetate in the Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase Reverse Reaction (GOTr) has a different distance.

With the exception of the Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase reverse reaction (GPTr), which had just one spot, the amino acid and keto acid chromatograms show that transamination occurred in a different manner.

The enzyme preparation that we recognized was the supernatant, which was labelled 1 ml and 2 ml on the chromatogram.

It had no detectable amount of amino or keto acids since no spots in either chromatogram matched any of the keto or amino acids.

The transamination process, which is completed by the transaminase, transforms oxoacids into amino acids by removing the double-bonded oxygen from the acid and replacing it with an amino group.

When transaminase utilizes ammonia and hydrogen peroxide to convert pyridoxal phosphate to pyridoxamine phosphate, this is an example of transamination.

Deamination occurs when an oxidase converts an amino acid to a keto or oxo acid. The amino group is removed and replaced with double-bonded oxygen in this procedure.

When pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase uses oxygen and water to convert pyridoxamine phosphate to pyridoxal phosphate, this is an example of enzymatic oxidation or deamination.

Transamination: a reversible chemical reaction involving the transfer of an amino group to a ketoacid to form new amino acids

Transamination is demonstrated if the corresponding new amino acid and keto acid are formed, as revealed by paper chromatography.

Reversibility is demonstrated by using the complementary keto acid/amino acid pair as starting reactants.

Measurement of these enzymes in blood serum is fairly routine in medical labs • Used to diagnose tissue damage, such as myocardial infarction, liver disease etc. This damage leads to the release of enzymes from cells.

Tissue transaminase activities investigated by incubating centrifuged supernatant of a tissue homogenate with various amino acid/keto acid pairs to detect products.

Devices that use centrifugal force to separate various components of a fluid.

This is achieved by spinning the fluid at high speed within a container, to separate fluids, gases, or liquids based on density.

In research and clinical laboratories, centrifuges are often used for cell, organelle, virus, protein, and nucleic acid purification.

An example of centrifuge use in a clinical setting is for the separation of whole-blood components (serum versus plasma).

Homogenize means to blend into a mixture that is evenly distributed or the same throughout a liquid.

Homogenate is a suspension of cell fragments and cell constituents obtained when tissue is homogenized.

The supernatant is the liquid lying above a solid residue after crystallization, precipitation, centrifugation, or other processes.

Pellet is a small, rounded, compressed mass of a substance.