<h1>Gallery 2 notes AP Art History</h1>Art History and Criticism 1 Honors Study Guide Gallery 2 Ancient Greek Art, Greek Archaic, Greek Early Classical, Greek Late Classical, Greek Hellenistic Etruscan Art and Roman Art02.01 &ndash; 02.06 Pergamon, Dying Gaul, Laocoon Pergamon, Dying Gaul, Laocoon Hellenistic Kingdoms, Conflicts with Rome Hellenistic Kingdoms, Conflicts with Rome Dionysis, Weary Herakles, Epidarus Theater Dionysis, Weary Herakles, Epidarus Theater &nbsp;Socrates Dies, Plato, Aristotle, Alexander &nbsp;Socrates Dies, Plato, Aristotle, Alexander Kritos Boy, Athenian Acropolis (Parthenon) Kritos Boy, Athenian Acropolis (Parthenon) Sophocles, Euripides, Peloponnesian War Sophocles, Euripides, Peloponnesian War Kouroi, Temple of Hera, Temple of Aphaia Kouroi, Temple of Hera, Temple of Aphaia Limited Democracy Developed Limited Democracy Developed Dipylon Krater, Mantiklos Apollo Dipylon Krater, Mantiklos Apollo Greek Alphabet, Homer, First Olympiad Greek Alphabet, Homer, First Olympiad What did the ancient Greeks focus on? What was their ultimate aim? List the 5 periods that divide Greek Culture. List their dates, historical and artistic highlights. Describe the Mantiklos Apollo. What Greek art period did it belong to? This belongs to the Geometric Greek period. It is a bronze sculpture with geometrically shaped parts. Compare and contrast the geometric and the black figure vase paintings. They have a similar shape, but the geometric vase is covered in purely shapes and patterns, while the black figure vase attempts to portray a story through people and figures. Who influenced the black figure style? The Corinthian Greeks created this style, and it was influenced by Egypt and the Near East cultures from trade. How did it represent the Geometric period and other cultures? It often included animals and designs that were symbolic or unique to those cultures, and it had concentric bands and patterns that demonstrate its connection to the geometric period. What does &ldquo;Archaic&rdquo; mean? It is an early phase of art, the word archaic literally meaning old. Define kouros-masculine for youth and kore- feminine form. What was their purpose? They served as grave markers, dedications, and votive statues. How are they influenced by the Egyptians? They have the same basic shape and portray people in that standing up even position. How do the Archaic sculptures idealize freedom? They got rid of the rock between the legs and arms of the sculptures. What is the Archaic smile? It is a trademark of this period, the neutral grin that is on all archaic sculpture. . Describe the red-figure technique. The composition was outlined and then the background was colored in, leaving the figures in a red clay color. Who was the master of this technique? Euphronios What was the ideal proportion for Greek temples? A 1:2 ratio of width to length How does this reflect the Greek culture? It shows how they had some variety but kept the core values and base plan the same. Describe the three different variations of a peristyle temple. peripteral: single row of columns around the cella dipteral: double rows of columns around the cell pseudo dipteral: only an outermost row of columns Compare and contrast the Doric and Ionic Orders. Name a temple that exemplifies each of these orders They are very similar in that they are the same from stylobate to the shaft, and only differ in the appearance of the top of the column. The Doric order can be seen on the Erechtheion in Athens, and has a more plain striped pattern at the top. The ionic order is much more decorative and has a curved design on the top of the column, and this can be seen at the Parthenon in Athens. What is the Classical Period? A Greek period of art with precise measurements, proportions, and idealized figures. Describe the Temple of Aphaia. How does this temple serve as a transitional structure from the Archaic to the Classical period? It is an archaic temple but has classical characteristics. It has the 1:2 ratio like the archaic period, but with less columns. It shows the movement into the classical period because of its new style and design. Describe the Temple of Athena Parthenos. What did it represent? What was the controlling ratio for this structure? It was very symmetrical and proportional, even though the columns slightly lean. It represents a signature structure of Athens on a large scale. The ratio for this structure is similar to that of the previous period. What is contrapposto? A more natural twisted pose of the body. When do we first see contrapposto in a sculpture? In Kritios Boy. Polykleitos was in search of the ideal proportions. Which sculpture was created to demonstrate these proportions? The Doryphoros What characterized the Late Classical Period? It is characterized by a time of political and social unrest. The Greek city states were weakended and were overtaken by the Macedonians. This period shifted away from idealism and towards disillusionment, estrangement, and emotions. What characterized the Hellenistic period? This was after Alexander the Great&rsquo;s death, there was even more emotion and intense scenes depicted. Describe the &ldquo;Venus di Milo&rdquo;. It is slightly more modest, but still half nude. There is a lot of tension and emotion going on, that tells a story. How does the &ldquo;Seated Boxer&rdquo; exemplify the Hellenistic period? It goes away from the idealistic classicism and shows an athlete who is worn down, melancholy, and has a broken nose and scars. Describe the Etruscan culture. It was influenced by the Greeks, and comprised of city states. They had temples and valued trade items like gold. What materials did the Etruscans use? They used wood, brick, and terracotta What materials did the Etruscans use for their sculptures? Terracotta, bronze, metals Describe the &ldquo;Sarcophagus with Reclining Couple&rdquo;. They are made of terra cotta. A couple is depicting laying down together and eating a meal. Name the culture that influenced this artwork. The Greeks influenced this work in that they also attended banquets and had a similar culture and style. What do Etruscan frescoes they tell us about this culture? It tells us things the Etruscans valued since it includes banqueting, and further links the similarities between their culture and that of the Greeks. Paintings at Pompeii Paintings at Pompeii Septimus Severus, Caracalla, Diocletian, Constantine Septimus Severus, Caracalla, Diocletian, Constantine Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus Pantheon Pantheon Baths of Caracalla Baths of Caracalla Colosseum Colosseum Servian Wall Servian Wall Augustus, Caligula, Nero, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian Augustus, Caligula, Nero, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian Marcellus, Marius, Sulla, Julius Caesar Marcellus, Marius, Sulla, Julius Caesar Etruscan Kings Etruscan Kings Roman style can be defined as a mixture of what two cultures? Etruscan and Greek Who was responsible for bringing Greek art into Roman art? The Roman general Marcellus Roman&rsquo;s major contribution to the world was the invention of? Concrete How did this change the way of building? It allowed them to create vaults and domes that would not have previously been created. Describe the plan of a basilica. It has two rows of columns creating a nave in the middle. What did this structure evolve into? It evolved into a Christian church design Describe the frescoes of Pompeii. Paintings on the walls of Roman buildings. What are the differences between the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Styles? The first resembles marble, the second attempts to portray a 3D space, the third is linear monochromatic decorations focused on depth, and the fourth is illusionistic. What is linear perspective? A system of creating the illusion of depth or 3D. Perspective created by the use of lines. What defines Republican Roman sculpture? They were realistic and direct. What made them so realistic? They portrayed Roman figures and had receding hairlines and wrinkled faces to realistically portray age. Who was Augustus? The first Roman emperor How did sculpture change during his reign? It became realistic idealism, showing him in an ideal form. Describe Ara Pacis and its importance. The altar of peace was propaganda, and is important due to this introduction of a new architectural style. Describe the aqueducts and their importance. They allowed water to flow to and from the cities. .This was very important because it allowed their city states to grow and develop, and allowed them to have access to water for people and crops. Describe the Coliseum. It is a building with columns stacked onto each other, with arches in between. What was its purpose? It held fights for gladiators and other sources of entertainment like a circus or chariot race. The design allowed a lot of people to come and watch. Describe the Arch of Titus. It is a free standing arch. What was its purpose? It is propaganda and for military conquests. What is a composite capital? A combination of Ionic volutes and Corinthian leaves. What events led to the High Imperial Period? The assassination of Domitian led to the high imperial period. Describe the Forum of Trajan. Highlighted Trajan&rsquo;s victory over the Dacians, was a propaganda piece as well. Who was Hadrian? He was involved in the planning of the Tivoli estate- an architect. What building is he most known for? The pantheon Describe the importance of the Pantheon. Describe its dome. It has a concrete dome with an oculus, which was a great architectural advancement. Describe Roman relief sculptures. They are sculptures on a wall or surface that come out into your space and are carved partially out of it. How does the lack of a single baseline in reliefs suggest a break from the traditional? In past traditions there was always a baseline or central plan or thing that was followed in art, and the lack of this shows a break from this, and a new period of creativity and more variety. Who was Constantine? Another emperor who took over Rome Why were his actions important? He made Christianity the unofficial religion of the Roman world, and marks the shift to the Middle Ages.

Art History

<h1>Gallery 2 notes AP Art History</h1>Art History and Criticism 1 Honors Study Guide Gallery 2 Ancient Greek Art, Greek Archaic, Greek Early Classical, Greek Late Classical, Greek Hellenistic Etruscan Art and Roman Ar

Gallery 2 notes AP Art History

Gabrielle C

View the note Gallery 2 notes AP Art History: Gallery 2 notes AP Art HistoryArt History and Criticism 1 HonorsStudy GuideGallery 2Ancient Greek Art, Greek Archaic, Greek Early Classical, Greek Late Classical, Greek HellenisticEtruscan Art and Roman Art02.01 – 02.06Pergamon, Dying Gaul, LaocoonPergam...