7.1: The War for Independence

• The call to arms was facing most American men of fighting age.

  • More than 200,000 saw action out of a population of about 350,000 eligible men. Some half served in Washington's Continental Army, while the other half served in militia corporations.

• In some regiments, losses were about 40%, and the continental army experienced the highest casualty rates.

  • In fact, the total rate of casualties was higher than in any other US conflict with the exception of the Civil War.

  • The war claimed few civilians in New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, since the war was largely confined to direct military engagement.

• The UK strategy to oppress the revolution depended on the loyalist mobilization, with up to 50,000 armed for Britain.

  • Many of them, especially in the low south, have joined or engaged in irregular warfare. Some 8,000 US lealists served in the British army in America in 1780, when the U.S. army numbered about 9,000.

• There were also thousands of women with the armed forces both parties. Both sides. Some followers of the camp were harlots, but wives, nurses, cooks and washing machines were the most common.

  • Shooted contrast to the women in coaches or officers who rode and in the best available housing were placed cars, working women were placed behind the line baggage With.

• In early July the British launched operation by landing 32,000 soldiers on Staten Island when the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence.

  • The patriots established strongholds across Brooklyn's harbor.

  • The British attacked and suffered heavy losses at the end of August.

• In September, the British survived the Americans, inflicting severe deaths and forced a retreat in Brandywine Creek outside Philadelphia.

  • Ten days later they relocated to Paoli for the second time, clearing the way on September 26 for the British occupation of Philadelphia.

• Vergennes was persuaded in December 1777 by the American win in Saratoga and his fear of the United Kingdom entering into negotiations with the revolutionaries.

  • The French undertook to keep "the freedom, sovereignty and independence of the United States, effectively" in the Treaty signed by the two nations

  • while the United States pledged to recognize the French acquisitions of British island colonies in western Indies

• In October 1779 Clinton evacuated Rhode Island, New England's latest British fortress, and carried out a campaign against Charleston with 8,000 soldiers.

• The maneuver was a total achievement.

  • The British camp was surrounded by the Franco and Americans.

• The British were miserably hammered by French and American heavy artillery until mid October

7.2: The United States in Congress Assembled

• A consensus emerged finally in 1777, and in November the Continental Congress officially adopted the Articles of Confederation, and was sent for ratification to the States.

• France was faced with a fulfilled fact by the preliminary treaty.

  • When French diplomats criticized the American Commissioners, they replied that a UK-American alliance could lead to resistance to the provisions of the Treaty.

  • France quickly concluded a separate agreement with the British.

• In retrospect, it is clear in many of them that military domination post independence was a common result.

  • The American Revolution has been the first of numerous successful colonial revolutions.

  • Washington, despite calls to remain, resigned in December 1783 his commission as General of the army.

• The Land Ordinance of 1785 was issued the following year for the investigation and sale of western lands.

  • The Kentucky Settlement was marked by a chaos of overlapping surveys and land claims and the Land Ordinance problem was designed to solve by establishing an ordered survey system that split the land into townships, each consisting of thirty six sections of a mile (640 hectares).

7.3: Revolutionary Politics in the States

• The political mobilization of 1774 and political participation expanded considerably in 1775.

  • Mass meetings in which everyday people express their views, the political experience won and voted were not common in towns only, but also in small towns and rural communities.

• A greater part of the During these years elections have been started by the population.

  • One of the first debates after the revolution was about for the new states, the suitable governmental structure.

• The Democrats' thinking was shown by the title Pamphlet of New England 1776: The People the Best Governors.

• The guarantees of rights are one of the most significant innovations in the state constitutions.

• "Declaration of Rights" written by George Mason in Virginia in June 1776.

  • The fifteen Virginia articles among other things, the declaration stated that government was sovereignty residing in the people.

• People's servant, and the people's right that government's reform, alter, or abolish.

• The revolution's political upheaval raised the chance for further US society reform.

  • In 1776 both men and women were confronted by the Constitution of New Jersey.

  • Because married women were unable to own property on their own behalf, in New Jersey, only single women voted but many participated in elections with political debate.

• The war for freedom while still supporting the institution of slavery was obviously contradictory.

  • Washington, which began to agonize over the moral of Slavery during the Revolution, was not lost to the contradiction.

  • He was not alone. He was not alone.