Apush Period 2 Hyperdoc .docx Period 2: 1607-1754 Hyperdoc Key Concept 2.1 Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for resources. Key Concept 2.2 The British colonies participated in political, social, cultural, and economic exchanges with Great Britain that encouraged both stronger bonds with Britain and resistance to Britain’s control. Use your textbook readings, notes, and the videos and articles below to complete the activities for each of the key Period 2 Topics. AMSCO Book: Chapters 2-3 Give Me Liberty: Chapters 2-4 Introduction Watch the video AP US History Study Guide: Period 2 - 1607 to 1754. Summarize the video in 2-3 sentences. The 3 main motivations for exploration were gold, god, and glory. Europeans wanted land and resources, they wanted to spread their religion, and they wanted the glory of being powerful. This drove them to colonize the new world. Topic 2.2 European Colonization Use your textbook readings, notes, and Crash Course US History #2 to complete the graphic organizer below. Crash Course US History #2 https://youtu.be/o69TvQqyGdg British Spanish French Dutch Where? (Location of Settlements/ Colonies) Settled along the east coast of America. Their colonies were the 13 colonies They settled in Latin America and South America. They settled in Central America and in some regions of Canada. They settled in the northeastern United States. Their colony was called New Netherlands. Why? (Motivations) They were motivated because they wanted riches and gold. They also wanted to find the Northwest Passage. The Spanish motivation was to extract gold and silver from the Americas. The French colonized North America to create trading posts for the fur trade. The dutch had financial motivation for colonizing. They traded beaver belts and furs. Who? British people and the British monarchs were interested in colonizing because of gold, god, and glory. Isabella and Fernandid were the monarchs of Spain who with the help of Christopher Colombus found the Americas. Louis XIV was the monarch of France who sent people to colonize for economic benefits. They also had decent trade relationships with the natives. Dutch East India Company sent people to benefit off of trade. Many merchants colonized areas for trade and fur. How? (Funding) The monarchs funded the expedition along with the Muscovy Company. Ferdinand and Isabella, the monarchs of Spain, funded the explorations and colonizations. Italian merchants and the king of France, Francis I sponsored and funded the exploration/colonies. The West India Company funded the dutch colonies’ exploration/colonization. Topic 2.3 The Regions of the British Colonies Use your textbook readings, notes, and the videos and articles below to complete the activities for each of the key Period 2 Topics. Jocz Productions Southern Colonies https://youtu.be/y51ri8EwUZs Jocz Productions New England and Middle Colonies https://youtu.be/Ud0MyzwA_mU 13 English Colonies Colonial Region New England Middle Southern Colonies New Hampshire (1622) Massachusetts (1630) Rhode Island (1636) Connecticut (1636) Delaware (1638) Pennsylvania (1682) New York (1626) New Jersey (1664) South Carolina (1663) North Carolina (1653) Virginia (1607) Georgia (1732) Maryland (1633) Reasons for Settlement Puritans founded the New England colonies to escape religious persecution in England. Delaware- founded by dutch new Sweden company for agriculture. Pennsylvania was founded for religious toleration (Quakers). New York was founded by English for resources. New Jersey was founded for resources and trade. REASON FOR FOUNDING Farming (NC and SC) Escape persecution (Maryland) Escape poverty (VA) Protect South Carolina from invasion (Georgia) Relationship with American Indians They had good relationships and traded with one another. They had good terms with Started off as peaceful but as the natives. time went on they took native lands and it became violent. Relationship with Africans Not as bad as the other colonies. Did not practice slavery as much. Bad relationships with Africans because they used them as slaves. Practiced Slavery. Bad terms with Africans. Government The government is based on theocracy Self-governing religious communities. Religious freedom Puritan colonies Democratically elected legislature with the governor Proprietary colonies ( King gives land to men to supervise and develop) Royal or proprietary royal government. Ruled by English monarchs Gave land to men to supervise. Economy Fishing Trapping Shipbuilding Whaling Logging Agricultural industries Fishing Breadbasket colonies Textiles Agriculture Cultivation of crops Grew tobacco, rice, sugar, indigo, etc. Plantations Religion Religious freedom Puritan colonies Diverse because of religious Church of England tolerance and trade (catholicism) opportunities. Mostly English Small ethnic groups of Scottish and germans. Key Leaders/People John Winthrop founded Massachusetts Bay Colony. Roger William founded Rhode island. Thomas Hooker Founded Connecticut. Peter Minuit founded the New York colony and Delaware colony. George Carteret founded the New Jersey colony. Topic 2.4 Transatlantic Trade John Smith founded Jamestown. James Oglethorpe founded the colony of Virginia. Using the article below , your textbook, and notes, define the following terms IN YOUR OWN WORDS! Transatlantic trade (article) ● Mercantilism: The ideology where the mother country gets wealth through exporting goods in trade. ● Triangular trade: A trading system in which America received slaves from Africa, Africa and Europe received raw materials from America, and America and Africa received finished goods from Europe. ● Joint-stock corporation: A company where stock is owned by shareholders. ● Navigation Acts: These benefitted Britain because it controlled the terms of trade between the colonies and Britain and certain goods had to be traded with only Britain. ● Middle Passage: A passage that carried enslaved people from Africa to America through a ship. It had terrible conditions. ● Salutary Neglect: A time period from the 1720s-1760s, where Britain overlooked violations of the Navigation acts made by Britain. Topic 2.5 Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans Use your textbook readings, notes, and the video below to answer the questions below. Politics and Native Relations in New England https://youtu.be/pf-4JrX7CeM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What was the relationship between the Native Americans and Virginians? Initially, they had good relationships but as time went on, they started fighting each other which caused conflict between the two. How did it change over time? Due to misunderstandings while signing the treaties, the relationship became worse and led to wars between colonists and Native Americans. What was the relationship between the Native Americans (Algonquins) and those in New England? Initially, Natives and New England colonists cooperated with one another but as time went on the misunderstandings between them grew and this led to conflict. How did English and Native American ideas of property lead to conflict? Native Americans thought the treaties were for the right to hunt on the lands. Colonists thought it was to settle on those lands. What did the English call Metacom? King Philip because they thought he was the instigator of the war. How many Native Americans died in King Phillip’s/Metacom’s War? 3000 native Americans died. Where did survivors go? They were either executed or sold into slavery. Some fled and joined other tribes to resist English control. Topic 2.6 Slavery in the British Colonies Watch Anthony Hazard·TED-Ed The Atlantic slave trade: What too few textbooks told you The Atlantic slave trade: What too few textbooks told you 1. How many Africans were brought to the Americas? More than 10 million Africans were brought to the Americas. 2. When did the Atlantic slave trade begin? It began from the late 15th century and lasted till the mid 19th century. 3. What did Europeans offer in exchange for slaves? They offered manufactured goods, weapons, and rum. 4. How did African kings view those they sold? They viewed them as criminals, debtors, or prisoners of war. 5. What became a motivation for war? Capturing slaves became a motivation for war due to the high demands. 6. What did they do as proof of purchase? They cut off the slave’s ears. 7. What did many Africans believe about Europeans? They thought of them as cannibals because they constantly took people away. 8. What were men made to do to curb rebellion? The men were to dance to curb rebellion. 9. How did the African slave trade impact Africa’s future? It changed the demographics since most slaves were men. When slavery was outlawed, the kingdoms that had lots of power collapsed. Increased competition led to conflicts. 10. How did Europeans justify their slavery of Africans? They claimed that Africans were biologically inferior and destined to be slaves. Topic 2.7 Colonial Society and Culture Use your textbook readings, notes, and the videos below to answer the questions below. https://edpuzzle.com/media/5f3c3988fca9043f11f1eef4 1. When is the First Great Awakening? It was a religious revival in response to the enlightenment. It emphasized human decisions in matters of religion. 2. What is the difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans? Puritans emphasized outward actions as proof of salvation vs pilgrims who focused on inward changes in the Christian heart. 3. Who was George Whitefield? He was a preacher for the Great Awakening who said that people aren’t as connected to god because dead men preach to them. 4. What is Jonathan Edwards most famous sermon and is a classic in early American literature? His famous sermon was about sinners in the hands of an angry god. 5. Why were Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson kicked out of Massachusetts? Which colony did they found? They were banished because of their religious and political beliefs and they settled in Rhode Island. 6. For what purpose and by whom was Pennsylvania founded? It was founded by William Penn so that people could enjoy religious freedom. 7. For what purpose and by whom were the Carolinas founded? South Carolina was founded by King Charles II for the economy and North Carolina was founded by John White for economic purposes as well. 8. What was the colonial response to the Dominion of New England? How did it cease to exist? The colonies resisted the Dominion of New England. The Glorious revolution ended it. 9. What role did women serve in colonial households? What political rights, if any, did they have? They mainly managed the household. They had no political rights. 10. What factors contributed to the diversity of the Middle Colonies? High religious tolerance contributed to the diversity. 11. What was the Enlightenment, and how did it influence American politics during the Colonial Era? The enlightenment was a period of scientific reasoning. It shifted from religious politics to people’s representation. 12. Who were the “New Lights,” and how did they challenge “Old Lights” during the Great Awakening? People who adopted new ideas in the Great Awakening were new lights and people who old-styled, traditional churches were old lights. 13. How did the Enlightenment and Great Awakening challenge society? The Enlightenment made society based on reasoning and scientific explanation while the Great Awakening created divisions within chritisnaity. 14. How did the Enlightenment and Great Awakening challenge government? The Enlightenment challenged the religious-based aspect of government while the Great Awakening made everyone equal. 15. How did the Great Awakening impact education? It established educational institutions such as Princeton, Brown, and Dartmouth universities. Skill Practice (Click here to learn what HIPP is) Document 1: Captain John Smith, History of Virginia, 1624 When the (large ship) departed,…those of us that had money, spare clothes, credit to give bills of payment, gold rings, fur, or any such commodities, were ever welcome to purchase supplies. The rest of us patiently obeyed our vile commanders and (bought) our provisions at fifteen times the value…yet did not repine but fasted, lest we should incur the censure of (being) factious and seditious persons…Our ordinary food was but meal and water so that this little relieved our wants, whereby with the extremity of the bitter cold frost…more than half of us died. The worst (among us were the gold seekers who) with their golden promises made all men their slaves in hope of recompenses. There was no talk…but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold…Smith, perceiving (we lived) from hand to mouth, caused the pinnance (a small ship) to be provided with things fitting to get provision for the year following. (Two councilors) Wingfield and Kendall…strengthened themselves with the sailors and other confederates (and planned to go) aboard the pinnance to alter her course and to go for England. Smith had the plot discovered to him. Much trouble he had to prevent it, till with store of saker and musket shot he forced them to stay or sink in the river, which action cost the life of Captain Kendall. These brawls are so disgustful, as some will say, they are better forgotten. Historical Context: This excerpt is about the exploration and surveying of the coast of Virginia. This has details about what life was like for the explorers and the difficult circumstances. Audience: The audience is Europeans at that time period. He is talking about the situations and horrible conditions the sailors are going through. This is a good way to inform them about the new world and to keep a record of this historical event. Document 2: The Declaration of the People, against Sr: Wm: Berkeley, and Present Governors of Virginia, Nathaniel Bacon, July 30, 1676 For having upon specious Pretences of public Works raised unjust Taxes, upon the Commonality, For advancing of Private Favourites. And other sinister Ends, but noe visible Effect, in any Measure adequate. For not having during the Long time of his Government, In any Measure advanced, this hopeful Colonie, either by Fortifications, Towns, or Trade. For having abused, and rendered Contemptible, his Maties: Justice, by advancing to Places of Judicature, scandalous and ignorant Favourites. For having wronged his maties: Prerogative, and Interest, by assuming the monopolie of the Beaver Trade. For having in that unjust Gaine, betrayed and sold, His Matie: Countrie, and the Liberties of his Loyal Subjects to the Barbarous Heathen. For having, Protected, favoured, and Emboldened the Indians against his Maties: most Loyal Subjects; never Contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper Means of Satisfaction; for their many Incursions, Murthers, and Robberies, Committed upon Us. For having when the Armie of the English, was upon the Tract of the Indians, which now in all Places, burne spoile, and Murder, And when Wee might with ease, have destroyed them, who were in open hostilitie. For having expresslie, countermanded, and sent back, our Armie, by Passing his word, for the Peaceable demeanours of the said Indians, who Immediately prosecuted their Evil Intentions - Committing horrid Murders and Robberies, in all Places, being Protected by the said Engagement, and word passed by Him the said Sr: Wm: Berkeley having Ruined and made Desolate, a greater Part of his Maties: Countrie, having now drawn themselves into such obscure and remote places, and are by their success soe Emboldened, and Confirmed, and by their Confederates strengthened. That the Cries of Blood, are in all Places, and the Terror, and Consternation of the People soe great, That They are not only become difficult, but a very formidable Enemie Who might with Ease have bin destroyed. Historical Context: The historical context is the bacon’s rebellion which happened in Virginia. It was led by Nathanial against Governor Berkeley. It was caused by high taxes and land disputes with the native Americans. Purpose: The purpose is to proclaim that Virginia’s governor, Berkeley, is corrupt and does not help benefit Virginia. Instead, he places unjust taxes. It is a list of issues against Berkeley. This challenges the governor’s rule. Document 3: John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity, 1630 Yet we must be knit together in this work as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities for the supply of others’ necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience, and liberality. We must delight in each other, make others’ conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace…..We must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God,….shall shame the faces of many of God’s worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us. Historical Context: John Winthrop was the founder of the Massachusetts bay colony. This colony was intended to be founded as a society that would accord with what they believed to be god’s wishes. Point of View: This is from the point of view of a founder, John Winthrop. He wrote this as a way to tell people that they are going to make their colony, Massachusetts Bay, an idea colony because everyone will look up to them. He mentions God because he is tying in religion to the colony’s welfare because at that time religion was very important in all aspects of life.