Macromolecules

Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller subunits called monomers. There are four main types of macromolecules found in living organisms:

1. Carbohydrates: These are made up of monosaccharides (simple sugars) and are used for energy storage and structural support. Examples include glucose, starch, and cellulose.

• Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen(CHO); 1:2:1 ratio

2. Lipids: These are made up of fatty acids and glycerol and are used for energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure. Examples include fats, oils, and phospholipids.

• Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and oxygen(CHO); no ratio

1. Proteins: These are made up of amino acids and are used for a variety of functions including enzyme catalysis, structural support, and transport. Examples include hemoglobin, collagen, and enzymes.

   • Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

2. Nucleic acids: These are made up of nucleotides and are used for genetic information storage and transfer. Examples include DNA and RNA.

• Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous

Macromolecules are formed through a process called polymerization, where monomers are linked together through covalent bonds. This process requires energy and is typically catalyzed by enzymes.

Macromolecules are essential for life and play a crucial role in many biological processes. Understanding their structure and function is important for understanding the workings of living organisms.