Audrey Cho

<h1>Foreign Policy</h1><h2>Foreign Policy - United States</h2>Protecting National Security:&nbsp;<ul><li>Protecting our country against national security threats from foreign nations or other threatening groups.</li><li>This includes our involvement in collective security agreements.&nbsp;</li></ul>Preserving World Peace:&nbsp;<ul><li>Mediating Disputes between other countries - this keeps us safe as well, and can be seen as part of protecting national security.</li></ul>Promoting Economic Prosperity:<ul><li>Trade agreements with other countries</li><li>Joining international trade organizations</li><li>Trying to gain strong economic footing for the US and our allies in trade talks</li><li>This can reach environmental considerations as well</li></ul>Humanitarian Ideals:<ul><li>Foreign Aid ($$)</li><li>Promoting democracy ($$ and/or troops)</li><li>Environmental regulation</li></ul><h2>Types of Power in Foreign Policy</h2>Soft Power: Persuasion&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 1: Diplomacy &ndash; conducting negotiations, how we interact with other countries, honoring their traditions, Ambassadors, etc.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 2: Summits &ndash; Meetings of Heads of State &ndash; different from Diplomacy. These are formal talks between countries.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 3: Treaties &amp; Accords &ndash; Peaceful Agreements &ndash; some signed during times of peace, sometimes to end conflicts. Agreed to by both sides. (Paris Climate Accord, etc.)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 4: Trade Relations &ndash; Cross-Border Commerce &ndash; this can be used to entice countries to be allies, or for economic benefit.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 5: Foreign Aid &ndash; Help for less wealthy countries. Often used to advance humanitarian goals, but also for military goals&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 6: Cultural Exchanges &ndash; Contact of people &ndash; foreign tours, study abroad, performing artists, etc. More informal, but done between countries who get along to promote deeper understanding.Hard Power: Coercion&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 1: Intelligence Gathering &ndash; Assessing threats. &ldquo;Keeping tabs&rdquo; on enemies. CIA, Homeland Security.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 2: Covert Action &ndash; Secret tactics to influence events. Capturing and eliminating threats. Rescue attempts. Propaganda.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 3: Boycotts and Sanctions &ndash; Economic Pressure through tariffs, trade barriers, boycotts, etc. This is ultimately what pushed Japan into WWII.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 4: Military Alliances &ndash; Collective Security agreements. NATO, etc.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example 5: Armed Forces &ndash; Last Resort &ndash; usually not used until every other option has been exhausted. Diplomacy is a better route. Often used to carry out other tools.&nbsp;<h2>World Views &amp; Foreign Policy</h2>Isolationism: Withdrawing from the world (we need to take care of ourselves first). Dangerous in a globally connected economy.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;When was it used: Post WWI.Containment: Controlling aggressive nations.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;When was it used: Post WWII. Cold War &ndash; stopped spread of communism. Drew us into Korea and Vietnam.&nbsp;Disengagement: Avoid military involvement.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; When was it used: Post-Vietnam. Not against foreign aid, just no unnecessary wars.&nbsp;Human Rights: US Power to protect others. Attempts to stop human rights violation.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; When was it used: Kosovo. Somalia.&nbsp;Anti-Terrorism: Protecting the homeland. Seek out and destroy terrorists and those who help them.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; When was it used: Post 9/11 worldview. Lead to creation of Patriot Act.<h2>Extra-Governmental Organizations</h2>IGO&nbsp;- Intergovernmental Organizations. Organizations that have multiple nations as members.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example: United NationsUniversal Declaration of Human Rights - Declaration by the United Nations, lists out rights that every person should have.NGO&nbsp;- Nongovernmental Organizations. Most are non-profit, less political, focus on least developed countries.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Example: Red Cross

Government

Foreign Policy - United StatesProtecting National Security:  Protecting our country against national security threats from foreign nations or other threatening groups.This includes our involvement in collective security agreements. Preserving World Peace:  Mediating Disputes between other countries 