**Life in Industrial Europe**

* women in the workforce :
  * unions won shorter workdays , better conditions , age restrictions , etc . in the first industrial revolution
  * women working was controversial :
    * men believed women need to be at home in order to tend to family , bear children , and it was easier to control women when they had no money
  * women wanted new opportunities out of home  ( they were outspoken about this ) which led to the development of trades for women
  * some women found white collar jobs
  * some women took marginal work :
    * 'sweating' / sweatshops - poorly paid outsourced tailor work
  * many women who went to cities turned to prostitution :
    * they preyed upon
    * prostitution was regulated by govt
    * prostitutes who passed diseases were imprisoned ( men weren't penalized )
  * women were not allowed to get jobs in heavy manufacturing so they had to find jobs available in other industries ( ex : secretaries , clerks , typists , nurses , teachers , etc . )
    * these types of jobs represented freedom from social constraints
    * job options were limited but they were opportunities to escape from lower class work
* organizing the working classes :
  * new parties and labor unions in the late 1800s embraced Marxism and socialism
  * the strongest and most influential socialist party was the German Social Democratic Party ( GSDP ) :
    * the GSDP won seats in Reichstag ( the German parliament ) and attempted to pass legislations to improve the condition of the working class ( not working conditions )
* socialist parties unite :
  * the GSDP organized into a loose association with Second International ( another socialist group ) which coordinated actions
  * the GSDP and Second International organized international labor day where socialists around Europe would strike and hold labor demonstrations in order to disrupt the capitalist system
    * cooperation with all socialists was difficult because revisionism and nationalism divided them
* revisionism :
  * socialists divided into 2 groups - pure Marxists and revisionists ( aka evolutionary socialists )
    * pure Marxists believed in the class struggle between rich and poor , and that a violent overthrow would correct the system
    * revisionists believed Marx got some stuff wrong ( because the middle class was growing , the working-class gained new rights , there was a higher standard of living , etc . ) so Marxists should form political parties in order to attempt change from within the system
* nationalism :
  * nationalism hurt the efforts of the Second International because people saw themselves as a member of a nation first and socialists second
  * loyalty to a nation outweighed loyalty to a party because European countries had complicated and hostile relationships
* anarchism :
  * in less democratic and industrialized nations , anarchist movements formed
  * at first , anarchist movements were peaceful but then became violent
  * in anarchism , people are good but the state and society corrupt them so they should abolish state and social institutions
* violent anarchism :
  * anarchists used assassination as the primary instrument of terror
  * despite high profile assassinations , no govts collapsed

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European History

**Life in Industrial Europe**

* women in the workforce :
  * unions won shorter workdays , better conditions , age restrictions , etc . in the first industrial revolution
  * women working was controversial :
    * men believed women need to be at home in order to tend to family , bear children , a

AP Euro: Unit 13.2 - Second Industrial Revolution

Emily Wen

View the note AP Euro: Unit 13.2 - Second Industrial Revolution: Life in Industrial Europewomen in the workforce :unions won shorter workdays , better conditions , age restrictions , etc . in the first industrial revolutionwomen working was controversial :men believed women need to be at home in ord...