Market Revolution, Louisiana Purchase, War of 1812, and Foreign Policy

Market Revolution:

• Change in commerce and economics

• Become more industrial

• Increased in manufacturing

• Increased in trade market expansion

• Increased in commercial production

• But overall still largely a rural agricultural nation

• Raw materials moving east

• Final good moving west

• Trading north and south on the Mississippi and by the Atlantic

• More transportation and communication

• Canals, roads, steamboats

• Issues: knitting the regions together into an integrated economic system, transportation, access to capital, infant industries, desire to be more self-sufficient, what is the role of the national gov vs state?

• North West:

  • Rich farming land and favorable access to transportation

  • Large scale agriculture (mechanized)

  • corn/wheat

  • Less labor-intensive

  • John Dear invented the plow

  • Cyrus McCormick invented the reaper

  • Dairy

  • Resources like iron ore and lumber

• North East:

  • Increase in manufacturing

  • Factory system

  • Textiles

  • machines/tools

  • Wage labor

  • Population increase

  • More towns/cities

  • Immigration increase from Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia

  • Frances Cabot Lowell created the first factory system and town company

  • Lowell Mill Girls

  • Samuel Slater invented water powered sewing mills

• South East:

  • Small and large scale agriculture

  • Relies on slave labor

• South West:

  • Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin

  • Cotton Kingdom makes for an increase in slave labor

North vs South:

Nature of economic system developing in the North:

• Industry based economy

• Trade and manufacturing as the North had large centers for trade and small scale agriculture

• Aimed to support businesses and grow the economy by getting rid of debt

Nature of economic system developing in the South:

• Agricultural based economy

• Southern states relied on their large scale agriculture to bring them money

• Populated by farmers and plantation owners

• Northern Economy:

  • Strengths:

    • Experiencing the beginning of a manufacturing revolution

    • Producing manufactured goods (mass production)

    • Samuel Slater - 1st mechanized textile factory in RI

    • Francis Cabot Lowell - weaving factory in MA

    • New methods of transportation (canals, roads) which brought goods to and from north

    • Old Northwest developed mechanized farming practices

    • Cyrus McCormick - reaper

    • John Deere - steel plow

    • A new national currency that enables the north to trade with the south and west

  • Weaknesses:

    • Poor soil

    • Low crop production

    • Little livestock in the East

• Southern Economy:

  • Strengths:

    • Good and rich soil for plantation farming

    • Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin increased demand for slavery increased productivity

    • Use of the Mississippi River for transportation of goods between north and south economies

  • Weaknesses:

    • Little development for manufactured goods

    • Heavy intense labor needed to run the plantations smoothly in the south

LA Purchase:

• Dubbed the land

• Gave access to the Mississippi River (transportation)

• Gave access to natural resources/diversity in raw materials

• Favorable land laws lead to an increase in access to that land

• Expansion in geography and demographics west

War of 1812:

• Settled boundaries in the north with Britain

• More stable/secure trade expansion 

• Increased territorial integrity

• Increased feelings of nationalism

• Increased self-sufficiency

Foreign Policy:

• A country’s actions, words, and beliefs towards other countries

• Goals:

  • Protect America/Americans

  • Support economic growth and human rights around the world

  • Increase support for American values like democracy/freedom

• The president usually initiates foreign policies and Congress follows up

Foreign Aid:

• The help or acceptance that we give to other countries usually through our Department of State

• Goals:

  • Create friendship abroad 

  • Foster future trading partners

Military:

• Country’s troops led by president aka Commander in Chief

• Goals:

  • Prevent war

  • Protect the US

• Department of Defense:

  • Army 

  • Navy 

  • Air force

  • Marines

Treaties:

• Formal agreement between countries that must be followed like laws

• President is responsible for negotiation and signing treaties

• All treaties must be approved by ⅔ of the Senate

Roles/Powers:

Ⅱ. What is the Constitutional basis for our nation’s role in world affairs?

Ⅲ. Who are the key participants in designing the nationa’s role in international affairs?

President:

• Foreign aid - makes recommendations on and signs or vetos bills into laws

• Military - as commander in chief can send troops around the world

• Treaties - negotiates and signs treaties

Congress:

• Foreign aid - writes and passes bills

• Military - declares war

• Treaties - ⅔ of the Senate must approve

Executive Branch:

• Negotiate a treaty with another country

• Send someone to a foreign country to talk

• Decided that the US should send aid to a country after an earthquake

• Pass a bill authorizing the money to be sent to that country

• Decided not to participate in a conference with other countries

Legislative Branch:

• Approve treaties once it’s been negotiated

• Refuse to pass a bill to send aid to a country in need

• Declare war on a country

Judicial Branch:

• Decide that the treaty is unconstitutional