6.1: The Seven Years War in America

In spite of this failure, Benjamin Franklin, a Pennsylvanian delegate, succeeded in adopting the " Union Plan."
- A Grand Council composed of the colonial representatives, headed by a British appointed President would also have placed Indian matters and Western settlements and other matters of mutual interest within the competence of a Grand Council.
The Ohio nation's Indian people had their own interests to defend.
- The region was not just native inhabitants, but also Indians who had fled the colonies of the British Seaborne.
- The majority of the Indians in Ohio opposed further UK expansion and wanted to make it a defensive wall for the Appalachians.
The young militia officer Colonel George Washington sent the governor of Virginia to expel the French
He was forced to surrender his from Upper Ohio A French Canadian force's soldiers.
- The French now commanded Fort Duquesne's inland region
"The Ohio Forks," the Alleghenian junction and Rivers of Monongahela
The British also attracted Indian support effectively.
- British officials promised to set "clear and fixed borders between the settlements we live in and their grounds for hunting in 1758, during a conference with the representatives of the Iroquois and the Ohio Indians, held in Easton, Pennsylvania, so that each side could know its own property and protect its respective property."
- A lot of Indian support for the French was successfully neutralized.
In line with the commitment made in the Treaty of Easton, the Trans Appalahian region was said to be a "Indian country," reserved as home to the Indigenous nations, and was encouraged to proclaim the British Royal Proclamation of 1763.

Colonies as Snake

6.2: The Emergence of American Nationalism

The end of a Seven Years war left the majority of colonists proud of their position in the British Empire, despite the anger of border residents against the 1763 proclamation.
- But many people started noticing significant contrasts with the mother country
Some experts suggested conspiracy to quash freedom and re-establish tyranny between monarchs, aristocrats and Catholics.
- These ideas were used to define a political consensus in the British colonies, a view known as "republicanism."
In 1764, George Grenville decided to earn US colonists the necessary income.
- A sugar tariff imported into the colonies was passed by the Parliament under the so-called Sugar Act.
Grenville, which disregarded American protests, carried through a far more widespread measure called the Stamp Act in early 1765.
Pressured by British traders concerned by the increasing movement of non-importers among the colonists, Parliament abolished the Stamp Act in March 1766, reducing the duty under the Sugar Act.

6.3: “Save Your Money and Save Your Country”

In June 1767 Charles Townshend, Chancellor of Exchequer, proposed a new range of Township Revenue Acts which imposed duties on imports into the colonies of products such as plum, glass, paint, paper and tea.
As Parliament moved on, its will was imposed in the Declaratory Act, the American had promised again, opposition has taken the non-importation tactic.
In February 1768, Samuel Adams' letter to the chairmen of the other colonial assemblies was approved by the House of Representatives of Massachusetts.
- The letter denounced the income acts, attacked Britain's plan for making colonial officers independent, and urged the colonies to find a means of "harmonizing."
The soldiers fled into their caseras; but a mob of hundreds of soldiers wreaked vengeance through the streets.
- The so-called "Boston Massacre" soon became infamous across the colonies.

6.4: From Resistance to Rebellion

Another controversy began in June 1772 with Governor Hutchinson of Massachusetts saying that from now on he and the other Royally designated officers' salary would be paid by the Crown.
In this context, the colonists were told that the Tea Act was passed by Parliament. Colonists were biggest tea users, usually drinking between five and ten cups a day.
The first tea party was the Boston Tea Party and soon there were other incidents of property destruction.
- But the British were angry with the initial action in Boston.
A series of acts, officially known in spring 1774 as the coercive Acts but known as the Untolerable Acts by the Americans, were passed by a wrathful parliament that punished the Massachusetts colony and strengthened British power.
The British in the Quebec Act authorized for the territory of France taken from the seven years of the War a permanent government, a strictly anti-republican government with the council appointed.
In the midst of this crisis, town meetings and colonial conferences alike chose the First Continental Congress representatives.

East Coast

6.5: Deciding for Independence

Representatives from twelve of the British colonies on the North American continent attended the Second Continental Congress that opened on May 10, 1775.
At first considerable sympathy with the American fight existed in the British island colonies. According to the Continental Congress, the legislatures of Jamaica, Grenada and Barbados were declared.
In the northern and southern colonies in 1775 and in early 1776 there was violent conflict between the British and American rebel forces.
- The British garrison at Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain was taken aback in the evening of 10 May 1775 by a small New Englander army commanded jointly by Ethan Allen of Vermont and Benedict Arnold of Connecticut.
In September 1775 Philadelphia was convened again by The Second Continental Congress, soon assuming the role of general government for all colonies now known as the states.
- Although the Congress continued to reject the King's sovereignty, now it decided to organize an American navy and declared British vessels open for capture.
The first independence motion was made on 7 June 1776 by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia: "That the United Colonies should be free, independent, and, of right, is to be free of all loyalty to the British Crown and that every political relationship thereof with the State of Great Britain is and should have been dissolving totally.

Chapter 6 - From Empire to Independence, 1750-1776

6.1: The Seven Years War in America

In spite of this failure, Benjamin Franklin, a Pennsylvanian delegate, succeeded in adopting the " Union Plan."
- A Grand Council composed of the colonial representatives, headed by a British appointed President would also have placed Indian matters and Western settlements and other matters of mutual interest within the competence of a Grand Council.
The Ohio nation's Indian people had their own interests to defend.
- The region was not just native inhabitants, but also Indians who had fled the colonies of the British Seaborne.
- The majority of the Indians in Ohio opposed further UK expansion and wanted to make it a defensive wall for the Appalachians.
The young militia officer Colonel George Washington sent the governor of Virginia to expel the French
He was forced to surrender his from Upper Ohio A French Canadian force's soldiers.
- The French now commanded Fort Duquesne's inland region
"The Ohio Forks," the Alleghenian junction and Rivers of Monongahela
The British also attracted Indian support effectively.
- British officials promised to set "clear and fixed borders between the settlements we live in and their grounds for hunting in 1758, during a conference with the representatives of the Iroquois and the Ohio Indians, held in Easton, Pennsylvania, so that each side could know its own property and protect its respective property."
- A lot of Indian support for the French was successfully neutralized.
In line with the commitment made in the Treaty of Easton, the Trans Appalahian region was said to be a "Indian country," reserved as home to the Indigenous nations, and was encouraged to proclaim the British Royal Proclamation of 1763.

Colonies as Snake

6.2: The Emergence of American Nationalism

The end of a Seven Years war left the majority of colonists proud of their position in the British Empire, despite the anger of border residents against the 1763 proclamation.
- But many people started noticing significant contrasts with the mother country
Some experts suggested conspiracy to quash freedom and re-establish tyranny between monarchs, aristocrats and Catholics.
- These ideas were used to define a political consensus in the British colonies, a view known as "republicanism."
In 1764, George Grenville decided to earn US colonists the necessary income.
- A sugar tariff imported into the colonies was passed by the Parliament under the so-called Sugar Act.
Grenville, which disregarded American protests, carried through a far more widespread measure called the Stamp Act in early 1765.
Pressured by British traders concerned by the increasing movement of non-importers among the colonists, Parliament abolished the Stamp Act in March 1766, reducing the duty under the Sugar Act.

6.3: “Save Your Money and Save Your Country”

In June 1767 Charles Townshend, Chancellor of Exchequer, proposed a new range of Township Revenue Acts which imposed duties on imports into the colonies of products such as plum, glass, paint, paper and tea.
As Parliament moved on, its will was imposed in the Declaratory Act, the American had promised again, opposition has taken the non-importation tactic.
In February 1768, Samuel Adams' letter to the chairmen of the other colonial assemblies was approved by the House of Representatives of Massachusetts.
- The letter denounced the income acts, attacked Britain's plan for making colonial officers independent, and urged the colonies to find a means of "harmonizing."
The soldiers fled into their caseras; but a mob of hundreds of soldiers wreaked vengeance through the streets.
- The so-called "Boston Massacre" soon became infamous across the colonies.

6.4: From Resistance to Rebellion

Another controversy began in June 1772 with Governor Hutchinson of Massachusetts saying that from now on he and the other Royally designated officers' salary would be paid by the Crown.
In this context, the colonists were told that the Tea Act was passed by Parliament. Colonists were biggest tea users, usually drinking between five and ten cups a day.
The first tea party was the Boston Tea Party and soon there were other incidents of property destruction.
- But the British were angry with the initial action in Boston.
A series of acts, officially known in spring 1774 as the coercive Acts but known as the Untolerable Acts by the Americans, were passed by a wrathful parliament that punished the Massachusetts colony and strengthened British power.
The British in the Quebec Act authorized for the territory of France taken from the seven years of the War a permanent government, a strictly anti-republican government with the council appointed.
In the midst of this crisis, town meetings and colonial conferences alike chose the First Continental Congress representatives.

East Coast

6.5: Deciding for Independence

Representatives from twelve of the British colonies on the North American continent attended the Second Continental Congress that opened on May 10, 1775.
At first considerable sympathy with the American fight existed in the British island colonies. According to the Continental Congress, the legislatures of Jamaica, Grenada and Barbados were declared.
In the northern and southern colonies in 1775 and in early 1776 there was violent conflict between the British and American rebel forces.
- The British garrison at Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain was taken aback in the evening of 10 May 1775 by a small New Englander army commanded jointly by Ethan Allen of Vermont and Benedict Arnold of Connecticut.
In September 1775 Philadelphia was convened again by The Second Continental Congress, soon assuming the role of general government for all colonies now known as the states.
- Although the Congress continued to reject the King's sovereignty, now it decided to organize an American navy and declared British vessels open for capture.
The first independence motion was made on 7 June 1776 by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia: "That the United Colonies should be free, independent, and, of right, is to be free of all loyalty to the British Crown and that every political relationship thereof with the State of Great Britain is and should have been dissolving totally.