Digestive system Pt1.

Digestive system - Responsible for the digestion and absorption of foods

THE SIX TYPES OF NUTRIENS OUR BODY NEEDS

• Nutrients

• Lipids(FATS)

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Water

Food is a nourishing substance that we take into our body through eating or drinking

Metabolism -is the process of how the cells use the energy that they obtain from food during digestion.

Digestive Tube or Alimentary Canal - Where the food is digested

Mouth or Oral cavity - The entry point of the food

Ingestion - The FIRST STAGE of digestion

- Begins with MASTICATION or CHEWING

THE THREE MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

• Parotid

• Sublingual

• Submandibular

Parotid glands - are located on the side of the cheeks

Submandibular glands - are located beneath the lower jaw

Sublingual glands - are the glands that are situated under the tongue

Exocrine glands or glands - produce or secrete substances that protect or lubricate a certain body part

There are about 800 - 1000 minor salivary glands Such as:

• Labial

• Buccal

• Glossopalatine

• Palatine

• Lingual glands

Saliva contains an ENZYME called Ptyalin or Salivary amylase

INCISORS and CANINE - used for tearing or biting food

PREMOLARS and MOLARS - ideal for chewing

Adults usually have 32 TEETH

Children mostly have 20 PRIMARY TEETH

Soft palate - the tongue and roof of the mouth

- helps push the food down to the pharynx and esophagus

Papillae - the rough surface of the tongue

Capsaicin - the taste buds that detect spice because of its component

- is a compound found in most numbers of the chili pepper family

Taste receptors - helps detect different taste buds

THE PHARYNX AND THE ESOPHAGUS

Pharynx or throat - it connects to the mouth to the esophagus

- it serves as the passageway for both food and air

Windpipe - is another tube that is also connected to pharynx

Epiglottis - is a pharynx flap

Bolus - is the rounded soft mass of chewed food

ESOPHAGUS - is a muscular tube that is approximately 25 cm long

Peristalsis - is the series of involuntary, wavelike muscular contractions that usually occur in the digestive tract

LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPINCHTER %%(LES) called muscular valve - relaxes and allows food to pass into stomach

Stomach -is a muscular, expanded organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen. receive the food from esophagus

GASTRIC JUICE - is composed of Hydrochloric acid (HCI) and digestive enzyme called pepsin