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Unification of China

Unification of China

Reemergence of China 

-Han dynasty collapses-220 C.E.

-Disunity: discredits Confucianism and brings acceptance of Buddhism and Daoism

-Migration to the south via the Yangzi River Valley, led to an environment transformation


Golden Age

-China regains unity under the Sui dynasty

-The Canal system (around 1,200 miles) linked the north and south (money-wise and propriety)

-Attempts to conquer Korea, leads to an exhaust of resources, prompts the overthrow of the dynasty


-Tang (618- 907) and Song (960- 1279), both built on the Sui foundations for 12 centuries

-This era became known as the “Golden Age”

-Neo- Confucianism: Confucian thinking with insights of Buddhism and Daoism

-Six major ministries: personal, finance, rights, army, justice, and public works


-Censorate: surveillance government, includes search candidates, and rigorous exams for the upper- class

-Official positions went to the privileged

-Education grows faster than the Bureaucratic system


-Economic revival occurs during the Song dynasty

-Population growth from 50/60 million to 120 million in 1200

-A rise on agricultural production

-China becomes the most urban, with over 100k habitants in each city

-A rise on restaurant locations, markets, offices, schools, and clubs

-Waterways made food supply possible, also provided cheap transportation


-Iron production increases

-11th century: 32k suits or armor, 16 mil arrowhead per years, production of coins, tools, etc.

-This growth was fueled by coal, also used for heating and cooking

-Technological growth: printing and gunpowder

-The country did continue to be invaded and devastated by nomads

-Use of paper money and financial instruments help commercialization


Women in Song

-Confucianism tightens patriarchal restrictions

-Females were separated from males

-There was an emphasis on women’s weakness and delicacy

-Seen as a distraction for men


-Foot Binding- tight wrapping a young girls’ feet

-Small, frailty were seen as beauty

-Keep women in “inner quarters”

-Seen as a way to differ elite from commoners and barbarian counterparts


-Economic role in textile declines

-Cities: operation of restaurants, selling fish, maid, cooks, and dressmakers

-Property of elites increased roles of women in concubines, entertainers, courtesans, and prostitutes


-Property rights expanded: inheritance and independent control (for women)

-Song dynasty said to have done the most women owning property passing

-Women education was urged to have better fortune

-Song dynasty tightened restrictions and brought opportunities


China and Eurasia

-Great economic interaction between both powers

-Technological innovations in places that were far from Eastern Asia

-Due to the movement of traders, soldiers, and slaves

-Tech. from producing salt by solar evaporation, spreads to Islam

-Papermaking and printing spreads through European countries

-Influenced by Buddhism, they would reproduce religious texts

-Seen as revolutionary

-Gunpowder production, for cannons and firearms

-1356: the first iron canon is used

-Textile, metal, naval technology spreads al over Eurasia

-China’s products had buyers everywhere

-Some depended on the Chinese to buy their products


Economic Beneficiary

-China changes from interacting with others

-India: cotton and sugar production

-Vietnam rice production

-Region south of Yangzi grows overtaking the north


-First printed book: Diamond Sutra in 868

-Participation in IOTN

-During the Tang dynasty: ships would visit ports

-Cultural diversity lead to violence

-International overseas commerce transforms South China’s economy to a heavy based exporter


Buddhism

-This gift from India spreads in East Asia, entered via the Silk Road in the first two centuries of C.E

-Conflicted with Confucianism

-Becomes the root in 300- 800 C.E.

-After the decline of the Han dynasty, Buddhism opened doors for new ideas

Unification of China

Reemergence of China 

-Han dynasty collapses-220 C.E.

-Disunity: discredits Confucianism and brings acceptance of Buddhism and Daoism

-Migration to the south via the Yangzi River Valley, led to an environment transformation


Golden Age

-China regains unity under the Sui dynasty

-The Canal system (around 1,200 miles) linked the north and south (money-wise and propriety)

-Attempts to conquer Korea, leads to an exhaust of resources, prompts the overthrow of the dynasty


-Tang (618- 907) and Song (960- 1279), both built on the Sui foundations for 12 centuries

-This era became known as the “Golden Age”

-Neo- Confucianism: Confucian thinking with insights of Buddhism and Daoism

-Six major ministries: personal, finance, rights, army, justice, and public works


-Censorate: surveillance government, includes search candidates, and rigorous exams for the upper- class

-Official positions went to the privileged

-Education grows faster than the Bureaucratic system


-Economic revival occurs during the Song dynasty

-Population growth from 50/60 million to 120 million in 1200

-A rise on agricultural production

-China becomes the most urban, with over 100k habitants in each city

-A rise on restaurant locations, markets, offices, schools, and clubs

-Waterways made food supply possible, also provided cheap transportation


-Iron production increases

-11th century: 32k suits or armor, 16 mil arrowhead per years, production of coins, tools, etc.

-This growth was fueled by coal, also used for heating and cooking

-Technological growth: printing and gunpowder

-The country did continue to be invaded and devastated by nomads

-Use of paper money and financial instruments help commercialization


Women in Song

-Confucianism tightens patriarchal restrictions

-Females were separated from males

-There was an emphasis on women’s weakness and delicacy

-Seen as a distraction for men


-Foot Binding- tight wrapping a young girls’ feet

-Small, frailty were seen as beauty

-Keep women in “inner quarters”

-Seen as a way to differ elite from commoners and barbarian counterparts


-Economic role in textile declines

-Cities: operation of restaurants, selling fish, maid, cooks, and dressmakers

-Property of elites increased roles of women in concubines, entertainers, courtesans, and prostitutes


-Property rights expanded: inheritance and independent control (for women)

-Song dynasty said to have done the most women owning property passing

-Women education was urged to have better fortune

-Song dynasty tightened restrictions and brought opportunities


China and Eurasia

-Great economic interaction between both powers

-Technological innovations in places that were far from Eastern Asia

-Due to the movement of traders, soldiers, and slaves

-Tech. from producing salt by solar evaporation, spreads to Islam

-Papermaking and printing spreads through European countries

-Influenced by Buddhism, they would reproduce religious texts

-Seen as revolutionary

-Gunpowder production, for cannons and firearms

-1356: the first iron canon is used

-Textile, metal, naval technology spreads al over Eurasia

-China’s products had buyers everywhere

-Some depended on the Chinese to buy their products


Economic Beneficiary

-China changes from interacting with others

-India: cotton and sugar production

-Vietnam rice production

-Region south of Yangzi grows overtaking the north


-First printed book: Diamond Sutra in 868

-Participation in IOTN

-During the Tang dynasty: ships would visit ports

-Cultural diversity lead to violence

-International overseas commerce transforms South China’s economy to a heavy based exporter


Buddhism

-This gift from India spreads in East Asia, entered via the Silk Road in the first two centuries of C.E

-Conflicted with Confucianism

-Becomes the root in 300- 800 C.E.

-After the decline of the Han dynasty, Buddhism opened doors for new ideas