Unification of China
Unification of China
Reemergence of China
-Han dynasty collapses-220 C.E.
-Disunity: discredits Confucianism and brings acceptance of Buddhism and Daoism
-Migration to the south via the Yangzi River Valley, led to an environment transformation
Golden Age
-China regains unity under the Sui dynasty
-The Canal system (around 1,200 miles) linked the north and south (money-wise and propriety)
-Attempts to conquer Korea, leads to an exhaust of resources, prompts the overthrow of the dynasty
-Tang (618- 907) and Song (960- 1279), both built on the Sui foundations for 12 centuries
-This era became known as the “Golden Age”
-Neo- Confucianism: Confucian thinking with insights of Buddhism and Daoism
-Six major ministries: personal, finance, rights, army, justice, and public works
-Censorate: surveillance government, includes search candidates, and rigorous exams for the upper- class
-Official positions went to the privileged
-Education grows faster than the Bureaucratic system
-Economic revival occurs during the Song dynasty
-Population growth from 50/60 million to 120 million in 1200
-A rise on agricultural production
-China becomes the most urban, with over 100k habitants in each city
-A rise on restaurant locations, markets, offices, schools, and clubs
-Waterways made food supply possible, also provided cheap transportation
-Iron production increases
-11th century: 32k suits or armor, 16 mil arrowhead per years, production of coins, tools, etc.
-This growth was fueled by coal, also used for heating and cooking
-Technological growth: printing and gunpowder
-The country did continue to be invaded and devastated by nomads
-Use of paper money and financial instruments help commercialization
Women in Song
-Confucianism tightens patriarchal restrictions
-Females were separated from males
-There was an emphasis on women’s weakness and delicacy
-Seen as a distraction for men
-Foot Binding- tight wrapping a young girls’ feet
-Small, frailty were seen as beauty
-Keep women in “inner quarters”
-Seen as a way to differ elite from commoners and barbarian counterparts
-Economic role in textile declines
-Cities: operation of restaurants, selling fish, maid, cooks, and dressmakers
-Property of elites increased roles of women in concubines, entertainers, courtesans, and prostitutes
-Property rights expanded: inheritance and independent control (for women)
-Song dynasty said to have done the most women owning property passing
-Women education was urged to have better fortune
-Song dynasty tightened restrictions and brought opportunities
China and Eurasia
-Great economic interaction between both powers
-Technological innovations in places that were far from Eastern Asia
-Due to the movement of traders, soldiers, and slaves
-Tech. from producing salt by solar evaporation, spreads to Islam
-Papermaking and printing spreads through European countries
-Influenced by Buddhism, they would reproduce religious texts
-Seen as revolutionary
-Gunpowder production, for cannons and firearms
-1356: the first iron canon is used
-Textile, metal, naval technology spreads al over Eurasia
-China’s products had buyers everywhere
-Some depended on the Chinese to buy their products
Economic Beneficiary
-China changes from interacting with others
-India: cotton and sugar production
-Vietnam rice production
-Region south of Yangzi grows overtaking the north
-First printed book: Diamond Sutra in 868
-Participation in IOTN
-During the Tang dynasty: ships would visit ports
-Cultural diversity lead to violence
-International overseas commerce transforms South China’s economy to a heavy based exporter
Buddhism
-This gift from India spreads in East Asia, entered via the Silk Road in the first two centuries of C.E
-Conflicted with Confucianism
-Becomes the root in 300- 800 C.E.
-After the decline of the Han dynasty, Buddhism opened doors for new ideas
Unification of China
Reemergence of China
-Han dynasty collapses-220 C.E.
-Disunity: discredits Confucianism and brings acceptance of Buddhism and Daoism
-Migration to the south via the Yangzi River Valley, led to an environment transformation
Golden Age
-China regains unity under the Sui dynasty
-The Canal system (around 1,200 miles) linked the north and south (money-wise and propriety)
-Attempts to conquer Korea, leads to an exhaust of resources, prompts the overthrow of the dynasty
-Tang (618- 907) and Song (960- 1279), both built on the Sui foundations for 12 centuries
-This era became known as the “Golden Age”
-Neo- Confucianism: Confucian thinking with insights of Buddhism and Daoism
-Six major ministries: personal, finance, rights, army, justice, and public works
-Censorate: surveillance government, includes search candidates, and rigorous exams for the upper- class
-Official positions went to the privileged
-Education grows faster than the Bureaucratic system
-Economic revival occurs during the Song dynasty
-Population growth from 50/60 million to 120 million in 1200
-A rise on agricultural production
-China becomes the most urban, with over 100k habitants in each city
-A rise on restaurant locations, markets, offices, schools, and clubs
-Waterways made food supply possible, also provided cheap transportation
-Iron production increases
-11th century: 32k suits or armor, 16 mil arrowhead per years, production of coins, tools, etc.
-This growth was fueled by coal, also used for heating and cooking
-Technological growth: printing and gunpowder
-The country did continue to be invaded and devastated by nomads
-Use of paper money and financial instruments help commercialization
Women in Song
-Confucianism tightens patriarchal restrictions
-Females were separated from males
-There was an emphasis on women’s weakness and delicacy
-Seen as a distraction for men
-Foot Binding- tight wrapping a young girls’ feet
-Small, frailty were seen as beauty
-Keep women in “inner quarters”
-Seen as a way to differ elite from commoners and barbarian counterparts
-Economic role in textile declines
-Cities: operation of restaurants, selling fish, maid, cooks, and dressmakers
-Property of elites increased roles of women in concubines, entertainers, courtesans, and prostitutes
-Property rights expanded: inheritance and independent control (for women)
-Song dynasty said to have done the most women owning property passing
-Women education was urged to have better fortune
-Song dynasty tightened restrictions and brought opportunities
China and Eurasia
-Great economic interaction between both powers
-Technological innovations in places that were far from Eastern Asia
-Due to the movement of traders, soldiers, and slaves
-Tech. from producing salt by solar evaporation, spreads to Islam
-Papermaking and printing spreads through European countries
-Influenced by Buddhism, they would reproduce religious texts
-Seen as revolutionary
-Gunpowder production, for cannons and firearms
-1356: the first iron canon is used
-Textile, metal, naval technology spreads al over Eurasia
-China’s products had buyers everywhere
-Some depended on the Chinese to buy their products
Economic Beneficiary
-China changes from interacting with others
-India: cotton and sugar production
-Vietnam rice production
-Region south of Yangzi grows overtaking the north
-First printed book: Diamond Sutra in 868
-Participation in IOTN
-During the Tang dynasty: ships would visit ports
-Cultural diversity lead to violence
-International overseas commerce transforms South China’s economy to a heavy based exporter
Buddhism
-This gift from India spreads in East Asia, entered via the Silk Road in the first two centuries of C.E
-Conflicted with Confucianism
-Becomes the root in 300- 800 C.E.
-After the decline of the Han dynasty, Buddhism opened doors for new ideas