Final Exam Study Handout

Amoebas and bacteria are grouped into different domains because __________

bacterial cells lack a membrane - enclosed nucleus

The most unique properties of water result from the fact that water molecules __________

are polar and form hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is not directly involved in cell support or movement?

Lysosome

A glucose molecule is to starch as ___________

A nucleotide is a nucleic acid

Which best describes the structure of a cell membrane?

Proteins between two bilayers of phospholipids

If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24 chromosomes, a grasshopper sperm contains ______

12 chromosomes

Which of the following phases of mitosis is essentially the opposite of prophase in terms of nuclear changes?

Telophase

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis in humans?

Production of gametes from diploid cells

It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes during interphase because _________

They are in the form of long, thin strands called chromatin

Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have ______

flowers

While walking in the woods, you encounter an unfamiliar nonwoody flowering plant. If you want to know if it is a monocot or dicot, it would not help to look at the __________

size of the plant

Cellular respiration is the process by which _____

oxygen is used to transport chemical energy throughout the body

A person's unique DNA is carried within some of the cells and tissues of their body. These include all of the following except:

all (the intestines, blood, skin cells, and saliva) contain a person's DNA

You are feeling ill, so you visit a physician. The physician takes your temperature, blood pressure, and pulse and orders blood tests and urine analysis to determine more about your condition. The results of all these observations and tests will help the physician asses why your body is temporarily out of "normal" conditions or _________

homeostasis

The common term for the action of transferring pollen grains from an anther onto a stigma is _______

pollination

Which of the following is NOT an example of an angiosperm

Pine trees

The receptive surface for pollen is the _____

the stigma

All of the following floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization except the _________

sepal

A structure such as a flower in plants, or a liver in animals, consisting of tissues organized to carry out a specific function is a(n)

organ

Which of the following is NOT one of the kingdoms included within the Eukarya domain?

Archea

This organism represented by the figure shown is

A bacteria

Organisms that make their own nutrients by capturing energy from nonliving resources (solar energy) are called

producers

Thinking about life's organizational hierarchy in a biological system, which of the following is the correct sequence from the smallest unit to the largest unit?

Atom - Molecule - Organelle - Cell - Tissue

A major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that although prokaryotes ______

have cell walls, eukaryotes do not.

A researcher collected a single - celled organism from birdbath water and grew the organism in a laboratory. The researcher the organism reproducing by cell division, which resulted in identical offspring generations. The organism exhibits

Asexual reproduction

Homeostasis means that

conditions inside a cell or organism remain within a constant range

Scientists have developed an ointment to decrease muscle inflammation after intense workouts or trainings. To test the product, 99 weight lifters are divided into 3 equal groups. Group 1 is given the actual ointment. Group 2 is given an inactive ointment that looks and smells like the active ointment, and Group 3 is not allowed to use any treatment. Group 2 has been given ________

a placebo

What is the advantage of the sphinx moth Xanthopan morgani by having an 8 - inch - long tongue?

It can reach nectar that no other pollinator can reach

The molecule of starch is different from a glucose molecule in this molecule

is complex carbohydrate polymer

The atomic number of an element is the number of ________

Protons in the nucleus

The first energy shell of an atom has one orbital. Therefore, it can contain a maximum of ________ electron(s)

Eight

In a covalent bond, atoms ________

Share protonsTh

The primary building block (monomer) of proteins is

an amino acid

The primary building block (monomer) of nucleic acid is

a nucleotide

The primary structural molecule composing a cell membrane is a(n)

phospholipid molecule

Some members of the Archaea domain are often referred to as extremophiles because many live in conditions of extreme _______

temperature, salinity, heat, and acidity

The molecule that contains the information for making a cell's proteins and must replicate itself during cell division __________

DNA

A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other is the _________

centromere

The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is ________

fertilization

The portion of the cytoskeleton that attaches, pulls, and guides the chromosomes during cell division is the ________

spindle fiber

While in biology lab, you observe, in both plant and animal cells, that some single cells are splitting but are still connected by a contractile ring has started to divide them. You conclude these cells are undergoing _________

Anaphase

In what phase of mitosis, is DNA replication accomplished

Cytokenisis

Referring to the diagram, the correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is...

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear membrane breaks into small pieces _____

Prophase

The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope re-forms is _______

Telophase

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is _____

Metaphase

A prokaryotic cell _______

does not have a nucleus

The most prominent organelle visible in most eukaryotic cells is the ______

nucleus

In a chemical reaction, which components of a chemical reaction are found on the left side of the arrows?

Reagents

A sugar, a phosphate, and a base is called a(n)

nucleotide

The four nitrogen bases found in RNA are _____

adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

The photo shown here shows two chromosomes from one cell. Which statement is true?

1 is identical to 2

Pollen Grain

Produces the pollen tube

Ovule

Develops into a seed

Anther

Produces pollen

Carpel (Pistil)

Female reproductive structure

Ovary

Houses ovule

Stamen

Produces sperm and is the male reproductive system

Style

Elevates stigma

Sepal

Protects the flower before it opens

Petal

Attracts the pollinator

Mutualism

Organisms that live together and both benefit

Phototropism

A plants response to light

Geotropism

A plants response to gravity

Commensalism

Organisms live together; one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited

Parasitism

When 2 organisms live together; one benefits and the other is harmed

Fertilization

When egg and sperm meet

Pollination

The transfer of sperm from anther to sigma

Sissle

Organisms that do not move

Mycosis

A disease caused by fungus

Germination

When a seed begins to grow

Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass are called _____

Isotopes

The principal components of cell membranes are _________

carbohydrates

A complex polymer built of amino acids is called a(n) __________

polypeptide

During cellular respiration

Oxygen is used to transport chemical energy throughout the body

Which of the following is not a fate for glucose

Stored as proteins

_________ (a sugar) gives trees the rigidity to grow tall (and makes wood a desirable building material

Cellulose

The ________ is the smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life, including reproducing itself

CellW

Which of the following is NOT a eukaryotic cell?

Bacteria

_______ is the movement of large molecules from inside the cell to the outside of the cell

Endocytosis

Every time a cell divides the _______ gets a bit shorter

Telomeres

______ occurs in all types of cells, somatic and reproductive prior to cell division

DNA Replication

Which of the following is the correct order of the Linnaean Classification system?

Species, Genus, Family, Order

The one thing that makes a mammal a mammal is ____

hair

Which of the following does not produce a seed?

Gymnosperms

How do non - vascular plants distribute nutrients throughout the plant?

Roots

Which of the following have "naked" seeds?

Gymnosperm

Which is larger, the male cone or the female cone?

Female

Which is larger, the male cone or the female cone?

Female

Which of the following are types of lipids?

Fats, Phospholipids, and Fatty Acids

The point at which a leaf is attached to a stem is called the ________

auxiliary bud

_______ are the water conducting tubes in plants

Xylem

Atoms are held together by a force called a chemical bond. The 3 types of chemical bonds are:

Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen

Nucleic acids are ________

the energy source for the body

If you put a drop of food coloring into a glass of water, the drop of color will _______

instantly disperse throughout the water; this is because of diffusion

In order for an enzyme to work properly, _________

it must have a particular shape

The energy that is used by almost all living things on the planet comes from the sun. It is captured by plants, algae, and some bacteria through the process of ______________

Photosynthesis

Prokaryotes reproduce by _______

Copying DNA, then undergoing binary fission

Homologous chromosomes _______

also are referred to as sister chromatids

Which of the following pairings is correct?

Interphase/DNA Replication

When cell division becomes unregulated, and a cluster of cells begins to grow without regard for normal controls, it is called _________

Cancer

A saturated fat is saturated with _________

Fatty acids

Crossing over occurs during Prophase 1 and is when

sister chromatids exchange genetic material

Which of the following occurs during anaphase 2 but not anaphase 1?

Centromere divides

Mitosis results in _________, while meiosis results in _________

cells that are genetically identical to the parent, haploid cells

Enzymes are composed of what organic material?

Proteins

Amino acid chains after being by the ribosomes move to the _________

endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is composed of a large subunit and a small subunit?

Ribosome

Where are the ribosomes usually located in animal and plant cells?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

If an atom gain an electron, it forms a _____

negatively charged ion

Which of the following must happen first in order for DNA replication to occur?

DNA is unwound

Transcription results in __________

a complementary DNA strand

In RNA, _________ codons translates to __________ amino acid(s)

3, 3

Translation begins:

In the nucleus

The sugar in RNA is __________, the sugar in DNA is _________

Ribose, Deoxyribose

Amino acids are joined together into a polypeptide by which of the following?

Peptide bondsW

What is the job of the pollen tube?

Transports sperm to the ovary

Down's Syndrome occurs when an individual has __________

an extra chromosome 21

What is the function of root hairs?

Absorb water and minerals

A __________ is an explanatory hypothesis for natural phenomena that is well supported by data

theory

Oxpeckers are the birds that feed on the bugs and parasites on the skin on zebras. This is example of __________

Mutualism and Symbiosis

Which of the following is the "good" chelesterol?

HDL or High Density Lipoprotein

A partial sequence of a molecule is "AACTGCTGGA"

A nucleic acid

If I use the letter Bb for a Punnett Square that would mean a ________

Hybrid and Heterozygous

Viruses _________

are considered non living

A scientific theory is one that:

is supported by many years of observation all supporting the hypothesis

You not a fuzzy growth on some of the gels in your incubator. What is the name given to this step of the scientific method?

Observation

________ developed the theory of evolution by natural selection

Charles Darwin

If your hypothesis is rejected, then:

Your experiment was a failure

The control in an experiment is to ______

provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group

Some members of the Archaea are often referred to as extremophiles because many live in condition of extreme _________

temperature, salinity, heat, and acidity

What is a membrane bound structure that has a specific function in a cell?

Organelle

Through digestion, nucleic acids are broken down into _________

nucleotides

The period of interphase when a eukaryotic cell duplicates its DNA is called _______

the synthesis (S) phase

The chemical reactivity of an atom depends on _________

The number of electrons in the valence energy level

Enzymes are made of?

Amino acids

The Golgi apparatus (body) ________

strings together amino acids to produce proteins

When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contacts into the cell. As a result of this, this cell will _________

undergo cell division

How many division occur in mitosis?

1

What would be the mRNA pairing up with the following DNA strand AATGCC?

UUACGG

The phase where chromosomes line up along the center or the cell is called?

Metaphase, Metaphase 1, and Metaphase 2

The process of meiosis ensures that the next generation of individuals will have only the __________ number of chromosomes

Haploid

The 3 domains of life are:

Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea

Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. What are the correct number of subatomic particles for sodium?

11 electrons, 12 neutrons, and 11 protons

Manufacturing is one of the four life processes in eukaryotic cells that involve what organelles?

Ribsome, Rough ER, and Smooth ER

_________ are photosynthesizing organelles of plants

Chloroplasts

__________ are polymers composed of different combination of 20 amino acids

Proteins

The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is ________

sunlight

Which of the following statements regarding DNA is false?

DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil

Which of the following particle(s) is/are found in the nucleus of a cell?

chromatin and a nucleolus

A(n) forms when 2 or more atoms share electrons

hydrogen bond

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ____ and ____. Unlike plant cells animal cells have ________

chloroplasts... cell walls....centrioles

The function of the mitochondria is _______

cellular respiration

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function, as a result the rate of ______

ATP synthesis decreases

Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?

Energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide

The cell organelle that maintains the cell's shape, is anchorage for organelle, movement of organelles within the cell and for cell movement is/are ________

cytoskeleton

A _______ is one of several forms of an element, each with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

isotope

In a chemical reaction, the chemicals to the left of the arrow of ________

reactants

Monocot floral parts usually occur in multiples of ____

three

Thinking about life's organizational hierarchy in a biological system, which of the following is the correct sequence from smallest unit to largest unit?

Atom - Molecule - Organelle - Cell - Tissue

Which of the following is a characteristic of dicots?

A taproot system

In a chemical reaction, the chemicals to the left of the arrow are ____________

isotope

______, is most abundant organic compound on Earth, is a major component of the cell wall of plant cells

Cellulose

Organelles involved in energy conversion are the _________

mitochondria and chloroplast

Complementary DNA strands are held together by _____

hydrogen bonds

In the element neon, each atom contains 8 electrons in its valence shell. The atoms of neon will be _______

chemically stable

In an ionic bond, ______________

2 atoms become strongly electronegative and attract each other

The primary building blocks (monomers) of a protein is/are ________

an amino group

How many cotyledons does a monocot have?

one

What kind of veins does a monocot have?

Parallel

How are the vascular bundle of a monocot?

Scattered

How are the roots on a monocot?

Fibrous

How many floral parts in monocots?

3 or multiples of 3

How many cotyledons does a dicot have?

two

What kind of veins does a monocot have?

Net like

How are the vascular bundle of a monocot?

Ring

How are the roots on a monocot?

Taproot

How many floral parts in monocots?

4 or 5 or multiples of 4 or 5

Do you know the parts of the microscope?

Yes