Solar System

Sun and stars are formed from what?

Nebulas or interstellar clouds

Interstellar clouds mostly of _______, especially ______ and ________.

gas, hydrogen, helium

A solar nebula is a disk of dust and gas that formed the sun and planet.

True

The dense concentration ________ of this rotating disk eventually became the sun.

at the center

As disks of dust began to cool, different elements and compounds were able to _______ depending on their distance from the Sun.

condense

The Birth of Star: Step 1: Disk formation Step 2: Pre-SolarNebula Gas Cloud

False - first step is pre-solar nebula gas cloud

Why has the Sun been stable for 4.6 billion years always send the same amount of energy to the Earth?

Because it is in a sequence of stars

The Sun has sent out different amounts of energy to the Earth

False

Diameter of Sun

1,390,000 km

The Earth is nearly 109 times larger than the Sun

False - smaller

The mass of Sun is 333,000 times Earth's mass

True

What is the mass of the Sun?

1.1989 x 10^30 km

What type of star is the Sun?

A normal G2 star

Where is the energy created in the Sun?

In the core, and radiates outward.

What process needs a high temperature of about 15 million K inside the Sun?

Fusion of Hydrogen

The Sun used what type of energy to become a star?

collison

A ________ star is stable

main sequence

As the temperature of the sun rises, the pressure ______. Then the star expands and _________.

increases, cools

If there is not enough energy is generation, a star can create more energy by

contracting which heats up the star and generates energy

What are the names of the inner plants?

Earth, Venus, Mercury, Mars

Inner planets are also called

Terrestrial Planets

What are the characteristics of an inner planet?

Rocky, dense, and mental cores (iron)

The asteroid belt is between what two plants?

Mars and Jupiter

"Minor planets" or "planetoids" are more than 1000km across

False - less than

What are the names of the other planets?

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Outer planets are typically larger than the inner planets and are made out of gases and liquids

True

Outer planets have slow winds and small storms

False

Outer planets rotate relatively quickly

True

What is the Kupier Belt?

A disk of debris at the edge of our solar system

A sphere of widely spaced comets and dust is called a

Oort Cloud

The Oort Cloud is 50 trillion km from the Sun

False - 30 trillion

Mercury is the smallest planet?

True

Mercury is farthest from the Sun

False

Mercury is the slowest rotating planet

False

Mercury revolves the fastest because it is farthest from the Sun

False- it revolves the fastest because it is the closets to the Sun

Mercury has no atmosphere which is why it can have such a large temperature change

True

Venus is significantly smaller than Earth

False - it is nearly the same size, a bit smaller

Venus rotates very slow

True

How many days does it take for Venus to rotate?

243

Venus has a very think atmosphere of CO2 which allows for the surface temperature to be between 377-487 degrees C

True

Venus' surface pressure is 95 times lower than Earth

False

The toxic gases in Venus' atmosphere are

sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride

Earth's diameter is 7900 miles or 12756km

True

Earth's axis tilt is 15 degrees

False - 23

There is no presence of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere

False - 0.03%

Mars is about half the size of Earth

True

Mars rotates 24 hours and orbits 687 days

True

Average temperature of Mars is -45 C

False - 60C

Mars has a thin atmosphere

True

What were names of the 5 Rovers sent by NASA?

Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity, Curiosity, and Perseverance

Jupiter and Saturn are considered to be ____ giants

gas

Uranus and Neptune are considered to be the _____ giants

ice

What planet has the diameter of 143,000 km (11x larger than Earth)?

Jupiter

What planet has 90% of its atmosphere made of H2 and 10% He?

Jupiter

What planet has a rocky core - liquid metallic hydrogen - electrical conductor, generates magnetic field

Jupiter

Jupiter's rotation takes 10 hours and 12 years to orbit

True

Jupiter has how many moons?

79

What are the names of Jupiter's inner moons?

Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, and Thebe

What are the names of Jupiter's Galiean moons?

Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa

Volcanic satellite of Jupiter Slightly larger than Moon

Io

One of Jupiter's moons that: Slightly smaller than Moon Its ice shell: 15 to 25 km thick Ocean death: 60 to 150 km

Europa

One of Jupiter's moons that: Largest moon in Solar System, bigger than Mercury Ice crust: 150km thick Ocean is beneath ice crust: 100km

Ganymede

One oOne of Jupiter's moons that: Large like Ganymede Icy surface covered by craters of various shapes Subsurface ocean: 250 km below the surface

Callisto

What planet is 9x the size of Earth?

Saturn

What planet is made of 75% hydrogen and 25% helium?

Saturn

What planet is made of water, methane, ammonia, and "rock"?

Saturn

Saturn's average temperature is -178 C

True

Saturn has 100 satellites

False - 80

What planet takes 11 hours to rotate and 29 years to orbit

Saturn

Titan is Saturn's biggest satellite

True

Titan is smaller than Mercury

False

Average surface temperature of Titan is -179 C

True

Titan's atmosphere is > 90% N, CH4, and Ar

True

Titan has ice shells on its surface

True

There is liquid water in the ocean beneath Titan's surface

True

What planets are 4x the size of Earth?

Uranus and Neptune

What planet has the temperature of -195 C at the surface

Uranus

What planet's atmosphere is made of H2, He, and methane and has 11 rings?

Uranus

What planet has 27 satellites?

Uranus

What planet has a rotation time of 18 hours and takes 84 years to orbit?

Uranus

What planet has an axis inclined to almost 90 degrees?

Uranus

What planet has the avg temperature of -215 C

Neptune

What is Neptune made of?

Icy water, methane, and ammonia

What planet's atmosphere is made of H, He, methane and has 4 rings?

Neptune

How many moons does Neptune have?

13

What is Neptune's rotation time and year orbit

18 hours and 165 year orbit

What is Pluto's size in comparison to the Earth's moon?

2/3 the size

What is Pluto's rotation time and orbit time?

6.3 days and 248 years

What is Pluto's average temperature?

-232 C

What is Pluto made of?

Water and methane ice, and frozen nitrogen

What is a dust tail and how long is it?

white, "smoke", reflects sun. 600,000 to 6 million miles long

What is a gas tail and how long is it?

solar UV breaks down CO gas, making them glow blue. 10's of millions miles long

Earth is argued to be...

Heaven in comparison to other planets and galaxies

What is argued to be Hell?

Anything outside of Earth because it is too hot.

Earth is the only known planet to harbor living creatures in the Solar System

True

The hottest planet in our solar system is Mercury

False

Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system

True

Mars has no oxygen in the air

False - it has a very small percentage of oxygen in the air (0.161% O2)

Mars has ice in its poles

True

Jupiters cloud-tops average how many degrees C?

-153