Unit 2: Organelles

Foreword: // when studying, have definitions as the given, and the terms as what you are answering: zoom into pictures to see : don't be scared to override answers you know!! : answer to this is f for the failure you shouldn't get after studying

f

living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all existing cells are made of other living cells

Principles of Cell Theory

composed of many cells that may organize into tissue>organs>organ systems

Multicellular Organisms

composed of one cell

Unicellular Organisms

prokaryotic cells

bacteria, they have no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, divide via binary fission, are unicellular, and have peptidoglycan cell walls

eukaryotic cells

cells of animals, plants, fungi, and protists. have a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, divide by mitosis, one or many cells, have cell walls in fungi and plants

plant cells

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, ER, golgi apparatus, central vacuole, mitochondria, chloroplast, and cell wall.

animal cells

cell membrane, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, centrioles, centrosomes, cilia, flagella, mitochondria

contains and protects genetic material (DNA)/ surrounded by nuclear membrane | nuclear pores control what goes in and out. | not in bacteria cells

nucleus

aids in cellular respiration and breaks down food for ATP | located in the inner membrane and matrix | not in bacteria cells | powerhouse

mitochondria

move substances in and outside of cells

vesicles

breakdowns decay | programs cell death via apoptosis | contains enzymes | only in animal cells

lysosomes

responsible for photosynthesis | made of grana (stacks) and stroma (fluid) | plant cells only

chloroplast

storage center of the cell | not in bacteria cells

vacuoles

make proteins by translation | made of rRNA | located around cell and rough ER | not in bacteria cells

ribosomes

move fluid across cell surface | short, many, oar like | not in plant cells

cilia

move entire cell | long, few | not in plant cells

flagella

a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell; proteins in the membrane control passage of ions in and out of the cell (phospholipid bilayer)

cell membrane

protects and maintains shape of the cell | made of cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi, and peptidoglycan in bacteria | not in animal cells

cell wall

hold everything in the cell in place and provides a solution for chemical reactions | jelly like substance mostly made of water

cytoplasm

receives and ships vesicles of protein | folded membrane | not in bacteria cells

golgi apparatus

aid in cell division by pulling chromosomes apart | made of microtubules | animal cells only

centrioles/centrosomes

makes proteins | ribosomes on the surface, hugs nucleus | not in bacteria cells

rough ER

makes lipids, destroys toxins, and regulates calcium | attached to rough ER | not in bacteria cells

smooth ER

ER

endoplasmic reticulum

nucleus

What is A?

mitochondria

What is B?

vesicles

What is C?

lysosomes

What is D?

chloroplasts

What is E?

vacuoles

What is F?

ribosomes

What is G?

cilia

What is H?

flagella

What is I?

cell membrane

What is J?

cell wall

What is K?

cytoplasm

What is L?

golgi apparatus

What is M?

rough er

What is N?

smooth er

What is O?

centrioles/centrosomes

What is P?

What does a Eukaryotic cell look like?

membrane bound organelles, nucleus, basically all cells but bacteria

What does a Prokaryotic cell look like?

no membrane bound organelles, no nucleus, bacteria cells

What does a Plant cell look like?

defining features include the central vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplasts

What does an animal cell look like?

defining feature include lack of cell wall, no central vacuole, more tubes

Predict the consequences of the failure or absence of an organelle inside a eukaryotic cell.

should an organelle fail the cell would likely die or start breaking down

What is an organelle?

an organelle is a specialized structure within the cell that work to help the cell function