Anatomy Exam

What are organ systems?

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

What is the integumentary system?

skin

What is the skeletal system?

protects and supports body organs, and provides frameworks the muscles use to cause movement.

What is the muscular system?

Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that attach bones together to form joint

What is the nervous system?

Consists of the brain, spinal cord & nerves & it serves as the body's CONTROL SYSTEM

What is the endocrine system?

HORMONES!!

What is the cardiovascular system?

heart and blood vessels

What is the lymphatic system?

Lymph nodes, immune system

What is the respiratory system?

This system keeps the body's cells supplied with oxygen

What is the urinary system?

the excretory (urinary) system helps maintain the water & electrolyte balance in the body.

What is the digestive system?

consists of all organs from mouth to the anus involved in the ingestion and breakdown or processing of food.

What is the reproductive system?

Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female sex cells (oocytes)

What is homeostasis?

the ability of an organism to maintain consistent internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions

What is an example of how humans maintain homeostasis?

body temperature--sweating, sickness--lymphatic system kicks in

What are the three components of homeostatic systems?

Receptor, Control Center, Effector

What is a condyle?

Large, smooth, rounded, oval structure

What is a facet

Small, flat, shallow surface

What is a head?

Prominent, rounded epiphysis

What is a trochlea?

Smooth, grooved, pulleylike process

What is an alveolus?

Deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

What is a Fossa?

Flattened or shallow depression

What is a Sulcus?

Narrow groove

What is a Crest?

Narrow, prominent, ridgelike projection

What is a Epicondyle?

Projection adjacent to a condyle

What is a Line?

Low ridge

What is a process?

Any marked bony prominence

What is a Ramus?

Angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

What is a Spine?

Pointed, slender process

What is a Trochanter?

Massive, rough projection found only on the femur

What is a Tubercle?

Small, round projection

What is a Tuberosity?

Large, rough projection

What is a Meatus/Canal?

Passageway through the bone

What is a Fissure?

Narrow, slitlike opening through a bone

What is a Foramen?

Rounded passageway through the bone

What is a Sinus?

Cavity or hollow space in a bone

Clavicle

Scapula

Humerus

Carpals

Radius

Metacarpals

Ulna

Phalanges

Os coaxe

Femur

Tarsals

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Frontal Bone

Parietal Bones

Temporal Bones

Occipital Bone

Sphenoid bone

Ethmoid Bone

Zygomatic Bones

Lacrimal Bones

Nasal Bones

Vomer

Inferior Nasal Conchae

Palatine Bones

Maxillae

Mandible

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

Hyoid Bone

cervical vertebrae

Thoracic Vertebrae

Lumbar Vertebrae

Sacrum

Coccyx

Sternum

Ribs

What are articulating surfaces?

condyle, facet, head, trochlea

What are depressions?

alveolus, fossa, sulcus

What are Projections?

crest, epicondyle, line, process, ramus, spine, trochanter, tubercle, tuberosity

What are openings and spaces?

canal, fissure, foramen, meatus, sinus

What are condyles?

large, smooth, rounded articulating oval structure

What are facets?

small, flat, shallow surface

What are heads?

prominent, rounded epiphysis

What are Trochiea?

smooth, grooved, pulley-like process

What is Etiology?

study of the cause of disease

What is Pathogenisis?

development of disease

What is anatomy?

The study of body structure

What is Physiology?

The study of body function

What is Microscopic Anatomy?

deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

What is Cytology?

study of cells

What is Histology?

study of tissues

What is systematic anatomy?

body structure is studied system by system

What is Regional Anatomy?

specific regions of the body such as the head or chest

What is surface anatomy?

the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

What is comparative anatomy?

The comparison of body structures and how they vary among species

What is embryology anatomy?

developmental changes that occur before birth

What is Pathologic Anatomy/Pathology?

examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

What is radiographic anatomy?

investigates internal structures visualized by scanning procedures

What is cardiovascular physiology?

functions of the heart and blood vessels

What is Neurophysiology?

explains the workings of the nervous system

What is respiratory physiology?

functions of the air passageways and lungs

What is reproductive physiology?

the functioning of reproductive hormones and the reproductive cycle

What is dermotology?

study of the skin

What is a Proton?

a positively charged particle inside an atom's nucleus

What is a Neutron?

A small particle in the nucleus of the atom, with no electrical charge

What is an Electron?

negatively charged particle outside the nucleus

What is Energy?

the ability to do work

What is potential energy?

stored energy

What is kinetic energy?

energy of motion

What happens in Prophase?

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

What happens in metaphase?

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

What happens in anaphase?

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

What happens in telophase?

After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.

What happens in cytokinesis?

division of the cytoplasm

What is cilia?

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion

What is flagella?

longer and wider than cilia; propels entire cell

What is microvilli?

projections that increase the cell's surface area

What are the 4 macromolecules?

lipids, carbs, proteins, nucleic acids

What are lipids?

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

What are triglycerides?

an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid.

What are phospholipids?

a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

What are steroids?

lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings

What are proteins?

Chains of amino acids

What are nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA

What are carbohydrates?

sugars and starches

What is phagocytosis?

A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells

basement membrane

bottom between epithelial tissue and what's underneath it

Strata of Epidermis

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

What is organization level from smallest to largest

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

What is ATP cycling?

is the continues formation and breakdown of ATP. This cycling involves ATP formation(an endergonic reaction) and ATP splitting (an exergonic reaction). ATP is formed when energy is released in exergonic reactions using glucose or other fuel molecules from the foods we eat.

What is diffusion?

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

What is Osmosis?

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

What are ion pumps?

Carrier proteins that carry cations and anions across a plasma membrane

What is protein synthesis?

the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA

What are the major types of tissue?

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

What is epithelial tissue?

for protection, secretions, and sensations

What is muscular tissue?

for movement

What is nervous tissue?

for signals and communication

What is connective tissue?

provides support for your body and connects all its parts

What is Squamous?

longer than it is tall

What is Cuboidal?

cube shaped

What is Columnar?

taller than wide