unit 1 - plate tectonics

types of faults

• normal, reverse (compression), strike-slip, horst, graben

normal fault

• plates move away from each other

• one goes up, one goes down

reverse (compression) fault

• plates converge, one goes up, one goes down

strike-slip fault

• transform boundary

horst fault

• block mountain, occurs under tension

• like a horse, you can mount it

graben fault

• rift valley, also created under tension

• looks like someone grabbed chunks out of it

igneous rocks

• formed form melted rock deep inside the earth, found in volcanic regions
  ex. gabbro, basalt (in oceanic crust), granite, andesite (continental crust)

lava flows

• pour or ooze out of vents or cracks

• causes majority of harm to non-moveable objects (trees, cars)

• basaltic lava can travels vast distances vs. andesite lava that rarely goes past ~8 km.

• objects and terrain are either surrounded, buried or ignited

pros of volcanoes

• creates igneous rocks that can be used as building building materials

• creates fertile soil

• a source of geothermal energy

• tourism! (slay)

batholith

• largest feature, looks like a giant pool of magma underground

laccolith

• 2nd largest feature

• found between layers

• usually dome-shaped but smaller

dike

• cuts through multiple layers (across)

sill

• stuck between layers

• cuts in between layers