ALIN 220 exam #1 consonants

What is a consonant?

A speech sound that is produced when the airstream is constricted, stopped, or obstructed before it escapes the body

Place of articulation

Feature of a consonant; where the airflow is stopped or obstructed; Bilabial, Labiodental, Interdental, Alveolar, Alveopalatal, Velar, and Glottal

Manner of articulation

Feature of a consonant; how or to the degree to which the airflow is stopped or obstructed; Stops, Fricatives, Affricate, Nasals, Liquid-lateral, Liquid-central, and Glides

Voiced/ Voiceless

Feature of a consonant; whether or not the vocal chords are vibrating when the sound is produced

Bilabial

Place of articulation; articulated using both lips; [p] [b] [m] [ʍ] [w]

Labiodental

Place of articulation; articulated using the upper teeth and lower lip; [f] [v]

Interdental

Place of articulation; articulated using the tip of the tongue and the teeth; [θ] [ð]

Alveolar

Place of articulation; articulated using the tip of the tongue and the alveolar ridge; [t] [d] [s] [z] [n] [l] [ɹ]

Alveopalatal

Place of articulation; articulated using the tip of the tongue and back area of the alveolar ridge; [ʃ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [j]

Velar

Place of articulation; articulated using the back of the of the tongue and the velum; [k] [g] [ŋ]

Glottal

Place of articulation; articulated using the glottis; [h]

Stop

Manner of articulation; airflow is completely obstructed in the oral cavity and then is released from the oral cavity; [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]

Fricative

Manner of articulation; airflow is only somewhat obstructed, allowing for a slow release of air; [f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [h]

Affricate

Manner of articulation; airflow is completely obstructed and then slowly released; [tʃ] [dʒ]

Nasal

Manner of articulation; airflow is completely obstructed in the oral cavity but it escapes freely through the nasal cavity because the velum is lowered; [m] [n] [ŋ]

Liquid - Lateral

Manner of articulation; airflow is blocked over the middle of the tongue but escapes freely along the sides of the tongue; [l]

Liquid - Central

Manner of articulation; tongue is curled back toward the hard palate; [ɹ]

Glide

Manner of articulation; little to no obstruction of airflow; [ʍ] [w] [j]