Vocabulary_Proteins

Deamination

the reaction catalyzed by deaminases; it removes amine groups to form ammonia.

Transamination„

a process that involves an amino transferase enzyme (transfer of an amino group to an α- keto acid)

Fibrinogen

a plasma protein that is converted into fibrin, which forms a cross- linked structure that becomes the structural basis for a clot.

Pepsin

a key enzyme that begins the process of protein hydrolysis after HCL acid has uncoiled or linearized the protein.

Hemoglobin

a red blood cell protein that delivers oxygen.

Reference Protein

a high-quality protein standard that is used to compare or assess other proteins.

Clotting Factor

a special component that is built in the liver and released in a zymogen form.

Eukaryotic initiation factor

a factor involved with determining the sufficiency inborn error of metabolism genetic defect in an enzyme.

Protein Energy Malnutrition

a serious, common form of undernutrition.

Denaturing

the straightening and uncoiling of proteins, thereby allowing greater access to ________.

Nitrogen Balance

the amount of nitrogen or protein required by a human.

Factorial Method

is used to determine obligatory nitrogen losses (urine, feces, sweat, nails, and dermal sources) when a protein- free diet is given to test subjects.

Chemical score

________ or amino acid score a common protein assessment tool.

= mg amino acid in 1 gram test protein/mg amino acid in reference protein ALL MULTIPLIED BY 100

Albumin

a principal plasma protein that is important for nutrient transport

Amino Acid

building blocks of proteins

20 Amino Acids are genetically coded via mRNA

Amino Acid Score

a measure of the amount of an essential amino acid present in a food compared to the amount of amino acid in a reference protein that supports growth and maintenance

Biological Value

the amount of Nitrogen digested, absorbed, and used by the body, but not excreted

Complete Protein

food protein that is able to provide all essential amino acids in proportions that meet human need

Also known as High Biological Value Protein

Edema

an accumulation of fluids in the tissues

Essential amino acid

amino acid that the body cannot produce, it is a dietary requirement

Glucogenic amino acid

amino acid that can be used in Gluconeogenesis or to produce glucose

High Biological Value Protein

food protein that is able to provide all essential amino acids in proportions that meet human need

also known as Complete Protein

Ketogenic Amino Acid

amino acid that is degraded to acetoacetate

Kwashiorkor

lack of dietary protein or poor protein quality

Limiting Amino Acid

an essential amino acid that is present in an amount insufficient to support growth or maintenance if it is the sole source of protein

Marasmus

lack of energy or calories (lack of food) and protein

Net Protein Utilization

the biological value corrected by the percent digestibility of a protein source

Plasminogen

a substance that converts to Plasmin, which serves to dissolve clots

Primary Structure

the main polypeptide chain

Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score

the amino acid score corrected by the percent digestibility of a protein source

Protein Efficiency Ration (PER)

a single assessment of protein quality

PER= Weight gain in grams/ protein intake in grams