AP Euro Unit 2 Vocab Terms

Anabaptist

practiced adult baptism; believed in predestination.

Anglican

founded from the Book of Common Prayers in 1549; contains both Protestant and Roman Catholic ideas.

Baroque Art

derives from Portuguese word for irregularity in a pearl; made in the time of the reformation to educate the illiterate about religious ideas.

Calvinism

founded by John Calvin, who agreed with Lutheranism except for ideas like consubstantiation (God’s presence in the bread and wine).

Clerical marriage

the Protestant practice of clergy being allowed to marry. (Catholics couldn’t)

Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation)

The Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation; a new Catholic religious sense was created.

Eucharist

Holy Communion or Lord’s Supper

Erasmus

Catholic theologian who influenced Luther’s ideas of the Reformation.

Enlightenment

learning something new; what the Protestants said they went through. A time period where people focused more on science and math.

Faith alone

Luther’s main belief that a person is only saved by faith and faith alone. Sola Fide

French Edict of Nantes

gave Calvin Protestants (Huguenots) rights to the nation.

French Huguenots

Huguenots followed John Calvin’s beliefs, saying that the knowledge of God is irrelevant to the knowledge of humans.

French Protestants

Huguenot beliefs

German Peasants’ Revolt

when Germany was split into different states, the peasants were not being treated well so they started a war.

Geneva

an international center of Reformed doctrine; for who did not accept the Trinity

Gustavus Adolphus

Gustavus Adolphus the king of Sweden, who was nicknamed the “Lion of the North'' for his intense and strong character, was concerned about the emperor’s growing power, and decided to raise an army to gain a strong foothold in Europe to help counter Ferdinand’s II power.

Hapsburgs

Also spelled Habsburgs, they were a ruling German dynasty from 1282 until 1918.They also controlled Hungary and Bohemia (1526–1918) and ruled Spain and the Spanish empire for almost two centuries (1504–06, 1516–1700).

Henry VIII

Had 6 wives, and led England away form the Catholic church after a disagreement with the pope about divorcing his wife Catherine of Aragon. This caused the formation of the Anglican church.

Ignatius Loyola

established the society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits.

John Calvin

The founder of Calvinism, Frenchman trained as a priest as lawyer, his training as a lawyer informed how he approached religion, with a methodical debunking of others ideas.

Jesuit

a group of young men who focus on educating the rich and poor people on Catholicism.

Lutheranism

religion introduced by Martin Luther; the belief that salvation comes from faith not by works and that authority comes from scripture, sola scriptura. Believed in consubstantiation.

Monasticism

a religious way of life where the people devote themselves to spiritual work.

Mannerism

emerged during the late Renaissance as a shift AWAY from the ordered, balanced, symmetric, proportional, harmonious styles of the High Renaissance.

Martin Luther

German theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation by posting the 95 Theses. His intention was not to reform society. He was excommunicated by Pope Leo X for his non-Catholic ideas but was protected by Fredrick of Saxony.

Netherlands

controlled by Spain until the corruption of the Catholic church and the north became Protestant and the south was Catholic.

Predestination

the belief that God foresees and wills from all eternity that only some people will be saved; Calvin’s most important

Pope Leo X

The one who excommunicated Martin Luther and authorized the sale of indulgences

Roman Catholic Church

a group of states under the Catholic Church. Each state acted as its own country but they were all beneath the papacy

Roman Catholic Council of Trent

Led by Pope Paul III, where the Papal court met to discuss the problems in the Catholic Church. Decided that salvation came to humans through faith and good works combined, the 7 sacraments were reaffirmed, transubstantiation was reaffirmed, Scripture and traditions are places as an equal authority, celibacy of the clergy was upheld, the existence of purgatory reaffirmed, and a theory of how indulgences should be spread made, and reaffirmed what were pious actions. They agreed to dismount pluralism and add required seminary was required.

Thomas More

Thomas More is an important Christian Humanist, he wrote about a utopian society that featured religious tolerance, gender equality, no private property, and humanistic education. This was his ideal world.

Thirty Years’ War

(1618-1648) Both a German civil and an international war. Fought over religion. Had 4 phases, Bohemian (1618-1625), Danish. (1625-1629), Swedish (1630-1635), and Swedish-French (1635-1648).

Usury

Usury is an unusually high interest rate or the lending of money at an unusually high interest rate.

Voltaire

A French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher. Voltaire is remembered as a crusader against tyranny and bigotry and is noted for his wit, satire, and critical capacity. Voltaire sought primarily to undermine the general legitimacy of organized religion.

Witchcraft

People who have consulted with the devil and now preform what he tells them to do. Often unmarried and widowed women were accused.