Biology chapter 1

Biology

The study of life

Biological Hierarchy

Bioshpere, Ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organs, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule

Biosphere

all enviroment on Earth that support life

Community

Array of organism in certain area

Population

include all indivinuals of certain species in a give area

organism

A living thing

organ system

connections between organs

Organ

made of tissue

Tissue

Made of cells, special function

Cell

unit of life

Organelle

Structure that performs a certain function in a cell

molecule

cluster of small chemical units (atom)- Dna

Producer

provide food for ecosystem -photosynthetic organisms

Consumer

eat plants/ animals

decomposers

convert dead material or waste into useful for nutrients and plants

Basics of a cell have

DNA cell membrane

Prokaryotic

- Bateria -No nucles, "free- floating DNA" simple

Eulcaryotic

Nucleuse holds DNA, complex , has organelle

Cells show correlation between

structure and function

common factors of life

order, regulation, grow+development, energy processing, reproduction, response to environment, Evolution/ natural selection

Biological Classification system

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Domain Prokaryotic

Bateria and Archaea

Bacteria

most diverse/ widespread

Archaea

Extreme conditions, Temperature higher, high ph, salinity

Domain Eukaryotic

Eukarya

Eukaray kingdoms

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista

Animalia

Obtain energy through ingestion

Plantae

produce own food via photosynthesis

Fungi

Diverse, Decompose the remains of dead organisms+ organic waste + absorb nutrients

Protista

mostly singled celled organisms

Charles Darwin

1859 "On the Origins of Species by means of natural selection"

Evolution

descent with modification

Natural selection

survival of the fittest

Observations

Individual variation, overproduction + competition

Individual Variation

Individuals in a population vary in many heritable traits

Overproduction + Competition

Species produce to many offsprings leads to limited resources

Evolutionary Adaptation

Accumulation of favorabe traits

Quantitative

Numerical

Qualitative

Descriptive

Scientific Method

1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiment 4. analyze data 5. conclusion 6. Repeat