In order for a substance to be a mineral, it must have ALL five of the following characteristics:

Crystal structure

________- the particles in the mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and over.

Luster

________- How a mineral reflects light from its surface; Minerals containing metal are usually shiny- Terms used: earthy, waxy, pearly, glassy; visually observed.

Water

What is NOT a mineral in its liquid form, but can become a mineral when it cools and hardens? Answer with a single words or term.

Inorganic

________- Can not form from materials that were once part of a living thing.

Minerals

________ are formed by crystallization- process where atoms join to form a crystal structure.

Density

________- Mass per unit volume; Calculated by ________= mass /volume; Mass determined using a balance and Volume determined with water displacement.

Hardness

________- A minerals ability to scratch or be scratched by another mineral; Mohs ________ scale; Ranked 1- 10; Determined with a scratch test- minerals can only scratch a softer mineral.

Magma

By the cooling of a hot water solution: ________ heats water underground Minerals dissolve in hot water to form solutions Solutions follow cracks in earths crust called veins As solution cools, elements crystallize to form a mineral.

Crystal System Crystal

________ shapes put into six groups based on number and angle of crystal faces; Visually observed using microscopes if too small to observe with the naked eye.

Color

________- characteristic property of some minerals; Not always reliable: i.e.

Crystallization of materials

Crystallization of magma or lava: ________ dissolved in water.

Streak The color of a minerals powder a minerals color

________ may vary, but its streak does not and they are often different; Rub a mineral against a piece of unglazed tile and visually observe powder.

Minerals

________ can be either elements (a single substance) or a compound (a combination of 2 or more elements)