The Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells. Cells are the units of structure and function in organisms. All cells come from preexisting cells.

Cell Theory

Robert Brown

discovered the nucleus

Matthius Schleiden

All plants and plant parts are made of cells

Theodor Schwann

all animals are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow

All cells come from other cells

Robert Hooke

Discovered cells; Named the cell

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Invented the microscope; "animacules"

Prokaryotes

Cells that do not contain nuclei

Eukaryotes

Cells that contain nuclei

cell membrane

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Phospholipid Bilayer

Plasma membrane layers are composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.

lipid bilayer

double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes

Cytoplasm

The material between the nucleus and cell membrane. Contains organelles that is responsible for the function of the cell

Nucleus

Control center of the cell; Not all cells have these

Chromosomes

contain genetic info.

Nucleolus

made of RNA and proteins; where the ribosomes are made

Nuclear Envelope

2 membranes that surround the nucleus, has pores

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

Golgi complex

Organelle that packages and distributes proteins

Ribosomes

Makes proteins (protein synthesis)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

- No ribosomes - Buildsmembrane lipids - Produces proteins with detoxifying tasks - Almost like a maintenance department

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm

cell wall

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

central vacuole

Sac in a plant cell that contains water and materials soluble in water

Lysosome

An organelle containing digestive enzymes

Chromatin

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

centriole

one of a pair of small cylindrical cell organelles near the nucleus in animal cells; Organelle in animal cells, made of microtubules that assists in cell reproduction