ISS unit 3

articles of confederation

first constitution of 1781 by thirteen colonies - symbol of union by giving gov no power over states

successess of a of c

created treaty of alliance with france - finacial support in war with britain negotiated end american rev. in treaty of paris - end of 7 year war passed nw ordiance of 1787 - nw territories own gov., outlawed slavery there

weaknessess of a of c

no power to coin money no power over foreign commerce no power to tax no national court system to protect rights no exec. branch to enforce laws amendments only made with support of all 13 states

shays rebellion

soldiers had no money and farmers had too much debt from loans started with peaceful conventions but lead to attacks attacked and shut down courts sam adams passed laws to kill and unfairly imprison rebels rebellion beat by militia fed. gov counldn't get involved bc a state matter

the constitution

replaced a of c in 1789 6 articles and themes of supreme law

executive branch

apply and enforce laws

legislative branch

make laws

judicial branch

interpret laws

theme - limited gov.

gov. whose power is defined and limited by constitution

theme - republicanism

citizens elect reps. to govern

theme - checks and balances

branches limit eachother to avoid abuse of power

theme - federalism

power divided between national and state govs.

theme - separation of powers

divisions of power between branches

theme -popular sovereignity

ultimate power resides in people

great compromise

house of reps is based on the population of a state

3/5 compromise

slaves count for 3/5 persons to determine rep. in house

preamble

intro to constitution starts with we the people power lies in people create and keep equality and peace give security and best interest for the public protect rights for citizens keep order and everyone follow the laws

congress

bicameral legislature (2 systems)

powers delegated to congress

money war justice regulations foriegn relations constitution changes commerce

money

collect taxes borrow decide print (new currency or increase money supply)

war

how to spend declare

justice

set up fed. courts impeach pres. or officals

regulations

set up standards of measures admit new states and territories pass immigration laws

foriegn relations

deal with foriegn treaties

constitution changes

propose amendments to constitution

commerce

control business between states control trade with other countries

powers forbidden to congress

cannot ex post facto law cannot pass bill of attainer cannot suspend writ of habeas corpus cannot grant title of nobility

ex post facto law

makes an act illegal and applies it to people who have done it before passed

bill of attainder

law that punishes without a trial

writ of habeas corupus

protects people from illegal, unfair imprisonment

how many in house

435

term in house

2 years

house age and citizenship

25 years old and 7 years

duties of house

introduce bills resolve bills serve committees impeach feds. offc. elect pres if electoral college tie

how many senate

100 2 from each state

term in senate

6 years

senate age and citizenship

30 years old and 9 years

duties of senate

confirm pres appointments adivse and consent to ratify treaties tries impeachment cases helps pass bills (majority vote) veto pres. veto on bill (2/3 vote)

bicameral

having two branches

process of law passing

proposal - rep writes bill with support from other reps intro - bill assigned a number and read aloud on house floor committee report - bill sent to committee for review floor debate - house reps debate and amend bill vote - bill is read again and reps vote hand off - bill sent to senate and debate amend and vote compromise - house and senate make conference committee workout compromise bill another vote - house and senate vote on compromise bill president - bill goes to pres, they can sign, ignore, or veto (if veto senate can vote 2/3 to make law)

leader of house

speaker of house - nancy pelosi

leader of senate

vice pres - kamala harris

pres of senate

patrick leahy

impeachement

charge of wrong doing - intiates trial guilty - removed or barred from office

pres term

4 years (2 time election)

pres age and requirements

35 years old born in us live in us 14 years before election

duties of pres

sign or veto laws commander in chief of military recognize other countries make treaties (senate approve) appoint sc justices (senate approve) appoint cabinet members

electoral college

538 electors, divided amongst states electors reflect amount of reps and senate of state each elector casts one vote for pres and vice pres canidate who has 270 or more votes wins

issues with electoral college

winner of popular vote is not guaranteed presidency electors do not have to vote in accord with popular vote any election might be decided in house overepresents small states

executive order

something the president wants to highlight in society

3 levels of fed. court system

highest is sc (1 court) court of appeals (13 circuits - 12 regional and 1 for fed. circuit) district courts (94 districts, hear crime and dispute cases)

how many sc judges

9 justices

leader of sc

chief justice - John G. Roberts Jr.

judicial review

ability of sc to oppose any state or fed. laws approved by house or senate

madison vs marbury

adams appoints justices before his term ends to keep federalist power (john marshall - chief justice) senate approves and marshall is sent to deliver commissions (doesn't deliver 4 including marbury) jefferson and secretarty of state madison ignore appointments marbury goes to sc and petitions writ of mandamus marshall says marbury's arguement goes against constitution judicial review is made

how does supreme court work

decides if laws congress passed are in conflict with constitution hears appeals from lower courts to clear up meaning of laws can overturn decisions made by lower courts

fed. court of appeals

hears cases on appeals with no new trials or juries decides if decision made by district courts was right can overturn lower courts decision decisions are final unless case is appealed to sc 3 judges

justice gorsuch story

scalia dies suddenly during obama obama selects garland to replace senate waits out clock trump appoints gorsuch

justice kavanaugh story

kennedy retires trump appoints kavanaugh allegations of sexual harrasment during senate hearings

justice barret coney

ginsburg dies trump appoints and approves barret coney 12 days before term ends

cabinet members

people appointed by pres to be secretaries of different systems

dep examples

treasury - printing money, taxes, domestic and international finacial policies, pay bills of us defense - oversees all armed forces labor - protects rights of workers like wages, benefits, safety

if pres dies who assumes

vice, speaker of house, pres of senate, sec of state, sec of treasury