MedTerm.Ch.6--Circulatory System

allogeneic transfusion

Uses donated blood in a transfusion, that must be of a compatible blood type.

anticoagulant

slows clotting/coagulation and prevents new clots from forming.

antigen

any substance that the body regards as being foreign

aplastic anemia

condition characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow.

autologous transfusion

Uses the patient's own blood in a transfusion, instead of blood from a donor.

basophils

formed in red bone marrow, are the least common type of WBCs.

coagulation

the process of blood clotting, or the formation of a blood clot.

coagulopathy

also known as a bleeding disorder, occurs when the blood's ability to coagulate is impaired.

comprehensive metabolic panel

(CMP), a screening tool that provides information about the state of the body's metabolism by measuring fourteen different substances in the blood.

decompression sickness

(DCS), also called the bends, is a potentially fatal condition that can occur as a result of deep-sea diving or unpressurized air travel.

direct antiglobulin test

(DAT)(direct Coombs test), used to investigate possible hemolytic transfusion reaction or whether a fetus or newborn has a hemolytic disease.

eosinophils

formed in red bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout the body

erythrocyte

mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow

erythropoietin

(EPO) a hormone produced in the kidneys that promotes production of erythrocytes in the bone marrow.

fibrin

aids in blood clotting and the formation of a scab to help the wound heal

fibrinogen

clotting proteins found in plasma (and prothrombin)

globulins

a group of proteins in the blood that play an important role in the immune system

granulocytes

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are called granulocytes because they have small granules containing proteins

hematologist

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood-forming tissues.

hematopoiesis

the formation of blood cells

hematocrit

(HCT) is the percentage of the blood that is made up of red blood cells

hemoglobin

oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

hemolysis

the process of breaking down erythrocytes

hemolytic anemia

am inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen

hemophilia

a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

hemostasis

balance,to stop or control bleeding

hemorrhage

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

heparin

a common anticoagulant

hereditary spherocytosis

a genetic disorder that causes the red blood cells to be spherical rather than flat

immunoglobulins

help the body attack and kill germs (antibodies)

leukemia

type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and the circulating blood.

leukocytes

(WBCs), blood cells involved in supporting the immune system in defense against infective organisms and foreign substances.

leukopenia

decrease in the number of disease-fighting leukocytes circulating in the blood

lipoprotein panel blood test

(lipid panel), requires that a patient fast for 8-12 hours before the blood is drawn.

lymphocytes

(lymphoid cells), leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow that produce antibodies that specifically target foreign substances in the body.

megakaryocytes

the large cells in the bone marrow that produce platelets

monocytes

formed in the red bone marrow, liver, and spleen. They are the largest type of white blood cells.

multiple myeloma

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making plasma cells found in the red bone marrow

neutropenia

the presence of few neutrophils in the blood, usually as a result of cancer treatment

neutrophils

formed in the red bone marrow, are the most common type of WBCs

non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

(NHL), the more common type, refers to all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

pancytopenia

a condition that is characterized by lower-than-normal quantities of erythrocytes leukocytes, and platelets

pernicious anemia

caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the GI tract

phagocytes

cells that play role in the immune system’s defense against pathogens by engulfing and consuming pathogens

phlebotomist

medical professional who draws blood from patients for labs and other procedures

plasma

a straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products

plasmapheresis

removal of blood plasma by drawing blood, then separating the blood into its cellular elements

platelets

(thrombocytes), the smallest formed elements of the blood

prothrombin time

(PT), a blood coagulation test used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormalities of clotting time and to monitor anticoagulant therapy

reticulocytes

red blood cells that have just been released from the bone marrow

Rh factor

defines the presence of absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells

sepsis

a potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria/infectious organisms entering the bloodstream

serum

clear, pale-yellow plasma fluid that remains after the blood cells and clotting proteins have been removed

sickle cell anemia

(SCA) the most common form of a group of blood disorders known as sickle cell disease.

thalassemia

inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to reduced hemoglobin

therapeutic plasma exchange

(TPE) some of the patient’s own blood is circulated through a device that removes the disease-causing antibodies in plasma and replaces them with donor plasma and/or a plasma substitute

thrombocytes

Platelets, are the smallest formed elements of the blood

thrombocytopenia

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

transfusion reaction

a potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match.

Von Willebrand disease

(VWD), the most common genetic bleeding disorder, impacts women more than men