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(#2) Digestive System: Structure & Function

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#Biology

25 Terms
😃 Not studied yet (25)
Tongue
- Moves food around the mouth - Helps swallow (forms bolus) - Breaks food by squishing it against hard palate
Teeth
Meant to break food into small pieces (Types differ between carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores)
Uvula
- Triggers gag reflex (touched when not eating) - Swings up and back to seal nasal cavity when swallowing
Salivary Glands
- Makes/secretes saliva - Lubricates digestive track
Epiglottis
Closes in an up & over movement in to block trachea when swallowing
Pharynx
Enables breathing through nose and mouth. It is the space that connects your nasal cavity and oral cavity
Esophagus
Carries bolus from pharynx to stomach (2 layer of muscle; Longitudinal muscle, and rings of muscle)
Sphincters
A ring of muscle (valve) that controls the flow of substances along digestive track via muscle contractions
Stomach
Breaks down food physically (Peristalsis), and chemically (acid and enzymes)
Small Intestine
- Breaks down food (many enzymes) - Does most of bodies nutrient absorption - HCL from stomach is neutralized here
Large Intestine
- Regulates consistency of feces by absorbing/adding water or salt - Moves feces towards the rectum - Absorbs Vitamin K
Rectum
- Last 6(ish) inches of large intestine - Compacts and stores feces
Colon
The part of large intestine that is NOT the rectum
Appendix
Stores good bacteria to repopulate the large intestine
Anal sphincter
Controls when feces exit the body
Liver
- Filters the blood, removing and processing toxins (e.g. drugs, alcohol) - Makes and secretes bile
Gallbladder
- Connects liver to small intestine - Stores bile
Pancreas
- Makes digestive enzymes (Lipase, Protease, Pancreatic amylase) - Connected to small intestine - Makes Sodium Bicarbonate to neutralize stomach HCL

Proteins when digested become

Polypeptides → Amino Acids

Carbs when digested become

(Starches) → Polysaccharides → Monosaccharides

Fats when digested become

(Lipids) → Fatty acids + Glycerol

What is absorbed by the Small intestine?

  • Carbs

  • Fats

  • Minerals

  • Proteins

  • Vitamins

3 Enzymes released by Pancreas

  • Pancreatic Amylase

  • Lipase

  • Protease

Pancreatic amylase digests

Sugars (Carbs)

4 types of tissue

  • Muscle tissue

  • Soft tissue

  • Gland tissue

  • Bones